6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline. A political B educational C military D economic
7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。
3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
英语专业八级人文知识（7） 英国概况 练习题：
1 _____ is the key to Industrial Revolution.
A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mining D Steam engine
2 _____ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance 3 Modern football game began in _____. A China B France C England D Germany
4 _____ is the leader of the British government. A Prime Minister B Queen C President D Governor
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5 The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.
A Edinburgh B Belfast C Glasgow D Birmingham 6 _____ introduced Christianity into Britain.
A The Celts B The Romans C The Viking Danes D The French 7 The real power of the British government lies in _____. A the House of Commons
B the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C the Prime Minister D the Queen
8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to _____. A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C 5, 16 D 6, 14
9 The longest river in Britain is _____ , and the largest river in the USA is _____. A the Seven River; the Missouri River B the Thames River; the Missouri River C the Severn River; the Mississippi D the Thames River; the Ohio River
10 The general election in Britain is held every ____ years. A four B three C six D five
练习题答案及题解:
1 B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。 2 C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。
3 C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。
4 A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。
5 D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和制造业中心。
6 B, 公元43年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。
7 B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。
8 C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。 9 C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长4000公里左右。
10 D, 英国大选每5年举行一次。
英语专业八级人文知识（8） 英国概况
1.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain? A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts
2.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought ____. A from 1327 to 1453 B from 1337 to 1453 C from 1347 to 1453 C from 1357 to 1453
3.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year ____
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A 1918 B 1920 C 1945 D 1949
4.The English Civil War is also called ____
A the Puritan Revolution B the second Magna Carta C the Long Parliament D the Anglican War 5.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ____ and the North Sea in the east,
A east B south C west D north
6.The largest lake in Britain is ____.
A. Loch Lomond B the Lough Neagh C Windermere D Ullswater 7.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?
A In the Highlands B In the central Lowlands C In the Uplands D In the west of Scotland
8.In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area. A 2% B 3% C 4% D 5%
9.The two important crops in Britain are ____
A barley and corn B wheat and rice C barley and oats D wheat and barley 10.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ____ A can legally receive partly free education
B can legally receive completely free education C can not receive free education at all
D can not receive free education if their parents are rich 答案
1.D 凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。
2.B 英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。 3.D 爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。
4.A 英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。 5.B 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。
6.B 英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。
7.B 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。
8.A 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。 9.D 小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。
10.B 英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费。
英语专业八级人文知识（9） 练习题：
1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World D The Times 2 The river Thames is in _____.
A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland 3 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Austrilia 4 Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration? A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased. B Public housing became more important.
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C Many public houses were sold to people.
D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement. 5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _____. A it’s one of the developed countries in the world B it’s a traditional sea power C it has an advanced industry D it’s able to produce submarines
6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times 7 Big Ben was named after _____.
A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson 8 The Capital of Wales is _____.
A Swansea B Cardiff C Rhonda D Belfast 9 _____ is England’s biggest naval base.
A Portsmouth B Southampton C Plymouth D Dover
10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____. A the Liberal Party B the Democratic Party C the Labour Party D the Republican Party 练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。 2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。 3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。
4 C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。
5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。 6 C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。
7 B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。 8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。 9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。
10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
英语专业八级人文知识（10） 练习题：
1 Which name is NOT related to Britain?
A Northern Ireland B Scotland C Wales D Toronto 2 The news agency Reuters was founded in _____. A London B Birmingham C Liverpool D Manchester
3 The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by _____. A King Harold B Robin Hood C Oliver Cromwell D William the Conqueror 4 Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A The Anglo-Saxon B The Normans C The Vikings D The Romans 5 Which is the largest city in Scotland?
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A Cardiff B Edinburgh C Glasgow D Manchester 6 In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____. A can legally receive completely free education B can legally receive partly free education C cannot receive free education at all
D cannot receive free education of their parents are rich 7 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia 8 What is the name of Britain’s highest mountain? A Anne Boleyn B Ben Nevis C Snowdonia D Scafell
9 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? A Great Britain B The British Isles C The United Kingdom D England 10 Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with _____.
A the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking B the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking C the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinking D the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking 练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 多伦多属于加拿大,与英国无关。 2 A, 路透社创建于伦敦。
3 D, 伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。 4 A, 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。
5 C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。 6 A, 英国小孩 5—16岁的教育是免费的。 7 A, 工业革命起源于英国。 8 B, 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。
9 C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （ Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。
10 A, 英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地。
英语专业八级人文知识（11）
美国文学
1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____
A Jack London B Charles Dickens C Samuel Coleridge D Ernest Hemingway 2.In which novel can \A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
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