摘 要
汽车变速器是汽车底盘的主要部件，换挡频繁，磨损严重，是汽车早期损坏的主要部件之一。利用变速器性能试验台研究它的各项使用性能，对节省材料，降低成本，缩短研发周期，提高变速器的性能、使用寿命和工作效率，都是非常必要和重要的，而闭式变速器试验台具有节约能源的特点，对于降低试验成本有着十分重要的意义。
文中阐述了变速器性能闭式试验台的布置结构和工作原理，在确定了设计方案的基础上完成了试验台传动机构的设计，并对设计的结构进行了布置合理性分析和力学刚度、强度的校核，使得此试验台能够完成如变速器效率试验、磨合试验、齿轮磨损试验，并根据所设计的各部分详细参数，利用软件AUTOCAD绘制了试验台中传动机构的整体装配图和传动机构的各部分零件图。
加载器是变速器性能闭式试验台上的重要工作装置，它给整个试验台提供工作所必需的转矩。设计合理的加载器形式和各部分结构参数，对于试验台的正常工作，减少试验台工作耗能都是十分重要的。
本文在确定试验台性能参数的基础上，进行了满足试验台加载要求的加载器类型的选择和结构设计。设计的方法采用的是传统的机械结构设计方法，运用此方法完成了加载器总体结构、蜗杆、蜗轮、蜗轮轴的设计与强度校核，并对设计的合理性进行了分析
关键词：汽车变速器；试验台；闭式；传动机构；加载器；结构设计；分析
ABSTRACT
The trasmission is the most important component on the chassis,shifting frequent and wearing serious,it’s one of the main components early damage to the car.Use the test bench to test the trasmission on its various properties is very important and necessary for saving material,redcing cost, shorting the development cycle, improving the transmission’s life and working efficiency.And the closed test bench has the advantages of saving energy and controling convenient.It’s very important for saving the cost.
This text expounded in the transmission’s structure of layout and the working principle, I have a detailed transmit agencies design on the base of the design programme’s determined,then I analysis the design’s reasonable and check the mechanical stiffness and strength,makes this test bench to complete such as the transmission efficiency testing, running-testing, gear wearing testing, and in accordance with the detailed design parameters of various parts, using a pilot mapping software AUTOCAD map the transmit agencies’ assembly and some parts of the it.
Loder is a important woking device of the closed trasmission test bench,it’s provide the necessary torque for the test bench.Design the reasonable form and structure parameters of the loder are very important for the test bench’s normal work and it also very important for reduce the bench’s energy consumption.
This text based on the performance parameters’ determined,choose the loder’s type and design the loder’s structure.The design method is the traditional method of mechanical structure design.With this method,I finished the design of loder’s assembly, worm and the axis on the worm.Then I analysis the design’s reasonable and check the design’s stiffness and strength.
Key Words:Automobile trasmission;Test bench;Closed;Transmit agencies;Structure
design; Loder; Analysis
目 录
摘要??????????????????????????????Ⅰ Abstract ????????????????????????????Ⅱ 第1章 绪论
1.1 课题的来源和意义?????????????????????1 1.2 汽车试验装置的发展概况??????????????????2 1.3 汽车变速器性能试验台国内外发展概况????????????2 1.4 本课题的研究内容及主要工作????????????????3
第2章 传动系统的总体设计
2.1 设计方案论证???????????????????????4
2.1.1 常见的机械式变速器损坏形式?????????????4 2.1.2 闭式试验台与开式试验台比较?????????????6 2.2 传动系统的工作原理????????????????????8 2.3 驱动电机的选择??????????????????????9
2.3.1 工作条件??????????????????????9 2.3.2 选择电动机的类型??????????????????9 2.4 本章小结?????????????????????????10
第3章 变速机构的设计
3.1 齿轮的设计与校核?????????????????????11
3.1.1 选择齿轮材料及精度等级???????????????11 3.1.2 确定设计准则????????????????????11 3.1.3 按齿面接触疲劳强度设计???????????????11 3.1.4 主要尺寸计算????????????????????13 3.1.5 按齿根弯曲疲劳强度校核???????????????13
3.1.6 验算齿轮的圆周速度?????????????????14 3.1.7 几何尺寸计算????????????????????15 3.2 箱体结构尺寸的计算????????????????????15 3.3 传动机构的设计??????????????????????17
3.3.1 小齿轮轴的设计与校核????????????????17 3.3.2 大齿轮轴的设计与校核????????????????22 3.3.3 联轴器型号的选择??????????????????28 3.3.4 键的选择与校核???????????????????29 3.4 轴承型号的选择与校核???????????????????30
3.4.1 小轴上轴承型号的选择与校核?????????????30 3.4.2 大轴上轴承型号的选择与校核?????????????32 3.4.3 轴承的润滑与密封??????????????????33 3.4.4 轴组件轴向固定方式的确定??????????????35 3.5 轴承端盖?????????????????????????37
3.5.1 小轴上轴承端盖???????????????????37 3.5.2 大轴上轴承端盖???????????????????37 3.6 套筒???????????????????????????38 3.7 杆式油标?????????????????????????38 3.8 本章小结?????????????????????????38
第4章 传动轴的设计
4.1 单项离合器处轴段的设计与校核???????????????41 4.2 变速器间轴段的设计与校核?????????????????43 4.3 本章小结?????????????????????????45
第5章 加载器的设计
5.1 加载方法的比较与选择???????????????????46 5.2 蜗杆传动的特点及设计???????????????????46 5.2.1 蜗杆传动的特点???????????????????46