专题六：易混词语辨析
一、考点精要
完形填空中的词汇考查重点： ① 形近词词义辨析 ② 近义词词义辨析 ③ 固定搭配和习惯用法 【授之以渔】
考点1. 形近词词义辨析
【巧点妙拨】近几年高考中, 形近词的高频考点有：拼写字母形近词；字母次序形近词。考生平常需要加强积累, 合理归纳, 适时总结。
例1.The man who is deserted in the desert is eager to get some _____ to eat because he knows that the dairy products can save him in that case, especially at night. A.desert B. dessert C. deserter D. deserts 答案：B
句意：被遗弃在沙漠里的那个人很想吃些甜食, 因为他知道奶制品之类的东西在这种情况下能救他, 尤其是到了晚上。
解析：考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。desert沙漠; dessert 甜食; deserter 逃兵; deserts为名词 desert的复数形式。
例2. “I only just came _____,” she replied. “I haven’t unpacked my bag yet.” A. abroad B. broad C. aboard D. board 答案：C
句意：“我刚上船,”她说, “包还没放好呢。” 解析：考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。根据语境可知, “上船”应为 aboard；abroad作副词, 意为“在国外”；broad作形容词, 意为 “广阔的”；board 意为“木板, 委员会, 董事会”。 考点2. 近义词词义辨析
【巧点妙拨】近年来，近义词词义辨析题在完形填空中的设空数基本保持稳定。根据2014年高考英语科试题和新课标的主旨精神, 预计2015年高考英语科试题会继续加大对近义名词, 动词, 形容词和副词的考查力度。
例：I can’t recall any of the songs that the band played. I just remember that I really enjoyed the show and didn’t want it to 49 . But in the end, after three encores (加演), the show finished. (2011山东卷)
49. A. continue B. delay C. finish D. change 答案：C
解析：考查近义词词义辨析。由设空处后面的一句可知应填finish。continue 继续；delay 推迟； finish 完成； change 改变。 考点3. 固定搭配和习惯用法
【巧点妙拨】The team did well but they never won a game that season 27 the night when it snowed and the opposing team never showed up. At the end of the season, the boys played in the church league’s tournament. At the last-place team, they drew the unfortunate spot of playing against the best team. (2011山东卷)
27. A. as for B. except for C. thanks to D. instead of 答案：B
解析：考查介词构成的固定搭配的词义辨析。as for关于; except for除……之外；thanks to
由于；instead of 代替。由空格前面的they never won a game及空格后面的the night when it snowed and the opposing team never showed up可知这是一次例外, 故四个选项中B 项符合语境。
考点4. 语境化选词 【巧点妙拨】But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the invitation. She was just beginning to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the truth. (2011新课标全国卷)
50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained 答案：A
句意：一个17岁的小女孩不可能接受这样的问题, 甚至也没有听到那位教授的邀请。
解析：考查语境化选词。在她这个年龄短的人只是刚刚开始认识世界, 感知世界。她相信自己的第一手经验就是真理。 二、典题对应 【名师坐堂】
典题1. arise, rise, raise
1) I can’t hear you; please _____ your voice. 2) He_____ and left the room.
3) After this rain the river will _____. 4) A new problem has _____.
【命题意图】答案：1) raise 2) rose/arose 3) rise 4) arisen
解析：arise多指“(问题/困难等)产生、出现”, 为不及物动词。rise作“上升, 升起”讲, 为不及物动词, 可指“起身、起立、起床、上涨”等。raise为及物动词, 可指“举手(重物等), 提高声音(地位、生活水平等)”。
典题2. hire, employ, rent, appoint 1) He _____ a man to plant flowers. 2) They _____ a hall for an evening. 3) He _____ a room to a student.
4) They _____ Edward (to be) manager.
【命题意图】答案：1) hired / employed 2) hired / rent 3) rent 4) appointed
解析：hire意指按时间或工作量“雇用人或租用物”, 指“雇用人”时意同employ, 若指“暂时租用物”意同rent；rent多指长期“租用土地、房屋”等, 也可指“向外出租”；employ多指商店、公司等部门“长期雇用人”；appoint意为“聘用、任命”。
典题3. bring up, bring down, bring back, bring in, bring about, bring out 1) What _____the change in his attitude?
2) He was _____ by his grandparents in the countryside. 3) The photographs _____ many pleasant memories. 4) Can you try to get them _____ the price? 5) His orchards_____￡2, 000 a year. 6) He has_____ two new books this year.
【命题意图】答案：1.brought about 2.brought up 3.brought back 4.bring down 5.bring in 6.brought out
解析：bring up抚养、提出、呕吐；bring down降低、使倒下；bring back带回、使回忆起；bring in引进、赚取；bring about引起、导致；bring out说明、引出、出版。 直击高考