2012中山一中高三热身练英语试题
完形填空
Albert Einstein is said to have been asked by a student, ―what finding helped you most when you were __1__ the theory of relativity?‖ Einstein replied without __2__ moment‘s hesitation. ―Finding how to think about the problem.‖
The same __3__ is told about Sir Isaac Newton and __4__ other scientists. We have no proof __5__ any of these well-known conversations __6__ took place, but we are prepared to believe that they did, and, if so, that the __7__ was the same one Einstein gave, __8__ this is the ―way scientists work and science progresses.‖
Scientists usually work toward models of the process of structure they are studying. __9__ we have models of the structure of the universe and of the atom, models of the process __10__ which the genetic (遗传的) pattern is passed from one building block of life to _11__ models of the economic system and __12__ on. Some models are mathematical, but a model does not have to have equations (方程) or even diagrams; the __13__ requirement is no doubt that it _14__ an insight (洞察) into the relationships that determine __15__ something works as it does or how it is put together.
1. A) designing B) inventing C) revealing D) developing 2. A) a B) the C) an D) some 3. A) event B) news C) story D) information 4. A) any B) more C) few D) several 5. A) that B) since C) which D) as 6. A) naturally B) actually C) eventually D) regularly 7. A) question B) answer C) conversation D) topic 8. A) although B) because C) unless D) once 9. A) Otherwise B) Nevertheless C) Still D) Thus 10. A) for B) by C) on D) to 11. A) either B) other C) both D) another 12. A) so B) later C) further D) straight 13. A) urgent B) important C) original D) unnecessary 14. A) provide B) will provide C) provided D) is provided 15. A) when B) what C) why D) whether
语法填空
Patricia Pania wanted to be was a mother and home-maker. But 16.___________ life was turned upside down when a motorist, 17._____________(distract) by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pania reluctantly but 18.____________ (courage) decided to try to educate the public and to fight 19. ______________ laws to ban drivers from using cell phones 20. _____________ a car is moving. In her first speech, Pania was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic 21. ________________(transform) took place. She stopped 22. _____________ (shake) and spoke with 23. _____________ strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know 24. _____________ she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In subsequent presentations, Pania gained reputation 25. _____________ a highly effective speaker.
阅读
A
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents‘ and coaches‘ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today‘s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters‘ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 26. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________.
A) to make sports less competitive B) to make sports more challengingC) to reduce their mental stress D) to increase their sense of success
27. According to the passage sport is positive for young people because ________.
A) it can help them learn more about society
B) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves C) it enables them to find flaws in themselves D) it can provide them with valuable experiences
28. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.
A) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence B) in order to make them remember life‘s lessons
C) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development D) so as to put more pressure on them
29. According to the passage parents and coaches should ________.
A) help children to win every game
B) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports C) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports D) train children to cope with stress
30. The author‘s purpose in writing the passage is ________.
A) to persuade young children not to worry about criticism B) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children C) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement D) to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn‘t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: ―So, how have you been?‖ And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. ―Frankly, I‘ve been feeling a little depressed lately.‖ This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn‘t find out we were ―depressed‖ until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don‘t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?
Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote to another usually involves
learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.
A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child B) something hardly to be expected in a young child C) an inevitable has of children‘s mental development D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children
32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.
A) through contact with society B) gradually and under guidance C) naturally and by biological instinct D) through exposure to social information
33. The phenomenon that today‘s children seem adult like is attributed by the author to
________.
A) the widespread influence of television B) the poor arrangement of teaching content C) the fast pace of human intellectual development D) the constantly rising standard of living
34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
A) It enables children to gain more social information. B) It develops children‘s interest in reading and writing. C) It helps children to memorize and practice more. D) It can control what children are to learn.
35. What does the author think of the change in today‘s children?
A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.
B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note. C) He considers it a positive development. D) He seems to be upset about it. C
Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing-older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents‘ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, ―end up retiring much later.‖ For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he‘s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he‘s learned that young at heart doesn‘t mean young. Lately he‘s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. ―My body is aging,‖ says Metcalf. ―You can‘t get away from that.‖
Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. ―They worry they‘ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they‘ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,‖ says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: ―that they won‘t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,‖ she says.
Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. ―We both wanted children,‖ says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, ―a sense of family.‖ Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. ―The dads are older, more mature,‖ says Dr. Silber, ―and more ready to focus on parenting.‖ 36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?
A) Older parents are often better prepared financially. B) Older parents can take better care of their children.
C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children. D) Older parents can better balance their resources against children‘s demands.
37. What does the author mean by saying ―For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable
dream‖ (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?
A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age. B) They can‘t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of. C) They can‘t get full pension unless they work some extra years.