UNIT 1
…identity is determined by genetic endowment, shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events.
…our identity is decided by our genes (inherited from parents), greatly influenced by environment we live in and affected by some unexpected events.
First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.
First, there is the independence in handling everyday life situations, which involves the ability to solve practical problems, such as how to spend money wisely, choosing their own clothes, and determining what they are going to do everyday.
Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.’’
Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are always eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from such dependence.
Perhaps one of the most stressful matters…as men or women.
Perhaps young college students feel most distressed in finding out their sexual identity, including associating with the opposite sex and designing their future roles as men or women.
Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with.
When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally.
dragging his feet with a dismayed, dejected look on his face.
walking slowly and listlessly, looking very unhappy and disappointed
“to drag one’s feet” is often used figuratively to mean”to delay deliberately” The local authorities are dragging their feet closing small coal mines.
During the course I had come to realize that while my world was expanding and new options were opening for me, my father, who was in his sixties, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. (6)
From the course I learnt, I had discovered that different from my expanding world and more opportunities; my father was beginning to realize that his world was getting smaller and his choices fewer.
These religious, morals, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime.(7)
These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.
I can no longer read the newspaper or watch a television newscast without seeing the people from other countries in a different light. in a different way
Whenever I read the newspaper or watch a television newscast, I will see the people from other countries in a different way from what I used to see. ?What he did made us to see him in a new light.
?In the light of the new evidence, we decide to take him to court. 出于，考虑到
Not only are they being introduced to new people and new knowledge, but they are also acquiring new ways of assembling and processing information. (10)
They are getting to know a lot of new people and learning new knowledge. They are also finding or learning new ways of arranging, organizing, analyzing or understanding information.
UNIT 2
It was a wonder to me they'd want to be seen with such a windbag. 我不理解为什么他们愿意让人看见自己和这样一个话匣子在一起。
It was surprising to me that they would spend time together with a person who talked too much like my father, yet they seemed to like it.
An orderly riding by had told him, because the orderly knew how thick he was with Grant.
An orderly who arrived riding on a horse had told him about the news, because the orderly knew that he was a close friend of Grant’t.
Maybe the woman had dared to sympathize with her. \dull when my man is about.\
Maybe the woman had been rude enough or foolish enough to express sympathy for my mother. She said: “Life is never boring when my husband is around.”
For the first time I knew that I was the son of my father. He was a story teller as I was to be. He was a story teller. That was what I was to become later.
I remember once when he had done something ridiculous, and right out on Main Street, too, I was with some other boys and they were laughing and shouting at him and he was shouting back and having as good a time as they were.
记得有一次父亲做了一件荒谬可笑的事情，当时又是在大街上，而我正和其他男孩在一起。他们冲着父亲笑着大喊大叫，父亲也冲着他们喊，和他们一样开心.
I also remember once he had done something absurd, and happened to be on Main Street, too. At that time I was playing with some other boys. When they saw my father, they laughed at him
and shouted at him. In response, my father shouted back and seemed to be as happy as these boys.
Scarlet Letter is as interesting a novel as Oliver Twist. You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. He sings as well as I do.
There'd be men I didn't think would want to be fooling around with him. I thought no one would want to stay with him, idling about all day long.
It was because life in our town was at times pretty dull and he livened it up
It was because life in our town was sometimes very dull and he could make the life more exciting.
If it was a Scotsman, a German or a Swede, the same thing happened. He'd be anything the other man was. I think they all knew he was lying, but they seemed to like him just the same. = all the same, in spite of a particular situation or opinion etc.
If a Scotsman, a German or a Swede came here, the same thing would happen. He would be born in the same country as the visitor. I think in spite of the fact that they all knew it was not true, they liked him all the same.
To hear him tell it he'd been in about every battle.
If you had heard him tell the story you would think that he has been in about every battle.
He'd been particularly intimate with General Grant so that when Grant went East to take charge of all the armies, he took father along.
He had had a very close relationship with General Grant, closer than with others. As a result, when Grant went East to command armies, he took my father along with him.
\know,\my father said, \the General's memoirs. You've read of how he had a headache and how, when he got word that Lee was ready to call it quits, he was suddenly and miraculously cured.
You’ve known how he got a headache and how his headache was cured suddenly and mysteriously when learning the news that Lee prepared to surrender.
They took a couple of shots and then, because he didn't want Grant to show up drunk before Lee, he smashed the bottle against the tree. =a small amount of strong alcoholic drink
They took several sips of the wine and then he threw the bottle against the tree and broke it into pieces, because he didn’t Grant to turn up drunk before Lee.
When we were broke, down and out, do you think he ever brought anything home? Not he. When we become totally impoverished, do you imagine he had ever got anything home? Never did he do that.
I was startled, for there was on his face the saddest look I had ever seen.
I was shocked, because I’d never seen such kind of sad expression on his face before.
I didn't know what was up and had the queer feeling that I was with a stranger.
I didn’t know what was happening and got the strange feeling that I was walking with a stranger.
I did not swim very well, but he put my hand on his shoulder and struck out into the darkness I did not swim very well, but he put my hand on his shoulder and swam hard toward the darkness.
It was as though I had been jerked suddenly out of my world of the schoolboy, out of a world in which I was ashamed of my father.
突然，我似乎被拉出了小男生的世界，被拉出了一个以父亲为耻的世界。
It was as if I had been suddenly pulled out of my world of the schoolboy, in which I had considered my father a shame on me.
He had become blood of my blood: he the stronger swimmer and I the boy clinging to him in the darkness.
He had become my real father. He was no longer a stranger to me.
It may be that I even laughed a little, softly there in the darkness. If I did, I laughed knowing that I would never again be wanting another father.
It was possible that I even laughed a little, quietly in the darkness. If I did smile, that was because I would never be thinking of another father again.
UNIT5
And we returned home refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated. This time, getting there had been the fun. (Para. 2)
When we got home, we not only felt fresh and energetic, but we had also seen a lot and learned a lot. This time, the trip back home itself was not just half the fun, but the fun-the real pleasure we got out of our week of holidays.
Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification. We put a little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day”. (Para. 4)
satisfaction to save money to be used later
(you save something or put something away)for a time in the future when you may need it In the past, Americans were patient to have their desires satisfied.
We saved a little money each time we got paid in case we might need it in the future.
This general impatience, the “I-hate-to-wait” attitude, has infected every level of our lives. (para5)
This impatience is like a widespread disease that has many effects on every part of our lives./ We have become impatient in every aspect of our lives, for instance, we want to get a job done quickly, to lose weight quickly, to be served quickly, etc
…We replace them with something called “quality time”…
Instead of spending more time with our loved ones as we should, we now only set aside a few hours and meanwhile deceive ourselves that we are giving our best time (quality time) to them.
Of course, we couldn’t wait to get there, so we took the Pennsylvania Turnpike and a couple of interstates. (para1)
Because we were eager to get there as soon as possible, we took the fast roads like the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the interstates.
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth. / for sth.: used to indicate that sb. is very excited about sth. or keen to do sth.
“Look at those gorgeous farms!” my husband exclaimed as pastoral scenery slid by us at 55 mph. (para1)
exclaim: (written) to say sth. suddenly and loudly, esp. out of emotion or pain slid by us: moved past us quickly
“Look at those beautiful farms!” my husband couldn’t help shouting when the countryside scenery moved past us quickly at the speed of 55 miles per hour.
For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and wondering what it would feel like to hold still again. (Para. 1)
The 4-hour drive on fast roads was tedious; the only fun we had was to count the exit signs we were passing and to figure out how we’d feel if we stopped again.
Getting there certainly didn’t seem like half the fun; in fact, getting there wasn’t any fun at all. (Para. 1)
We had expected that our ride to West Virginia would be fun, and that half of the fun we’d get from the trip would come from it. But we were wrong. It wasn’t fun at all.
We toured a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill that fifteen thousand Confederate soldiers had tried to take on another hot July afternoon, one hundred and twenty-five years ago, not knowing that half of them would get killed in the vain attempt. (Para. 2)
We visited a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill. One hundred and twenty-five years ago, on a hot July afternoon, 15,000 soldiers fighting for slavery, while trying to occupy the hill, had no idea that they would fail and that half of them would be killed in the battle.
We stuffed ourselves with spicy salads and homemade bread in an “all-you-can-eat” farmhouse restaurant, then wandered outside to enjoy the sunshine and the herds of cows—no little dots this time—lying in it. (Para. 2) to fill with sth eat as much as you can
We had a meal in a farmhouse restaurant where for a certain amount of money you could eat as much as you wanted, and we fed ourselves with lots of spicy salads and homemade bread. After the meal, we walked leisurely outdoors to enjoy the sunshine and watch the herds of cows—this time they did not seem like little dots—lying in the sunshine.
In fact, most Americans are constantly in a hurry—and not just to get from Point A to Point B. Our country has become a nation in search of the quick fix—in more ways than one. (Para. 3)