第五讲 怎样获取“印象分”——段落要“清”，层次要“明”
书面表达是主观题，阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面和文章结构。因此，除了卷面整洁外，还要注意段落写作，做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰，获取阅卷老师的印象分。
[写作技法指导]
进行构段谋篇层次上的写作训练，是写好文章的关键。不仅要考虑文章结构，还要考虑适当充实内容，并解决结构重复、语言冗余等问题。下面从三个角度加以介绍，以帮助同学们提高写作能力。 一、合理分段，层次清晰
合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可以分为三部分，即开头、正文和结尾。近几年高考作文范文及高分作文，绝大多数为2～3段，还有个别范文为4段。高考范文为一个段落的，在阅卷老师看来比不上段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面2017年全国卷Ⅱ的一篇考生作文： Dear Henry，
I’m Li Hua, one of your students. I’m writing to invite you to visit the paper-cutting exhibition.Paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditions and I’m sure you will like it.The exhibition will be held in the local museum next Saturday.Some famous Chinese artists will perform on that day. Meanwhile, some beautiful paper-cutting works, collected from all over the country，will be exhibited there.If you like, you can also join in paper-cutting.I’m sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours， Li Hua
上面的作文语言准确，而且使用了非谓语动词、复合句(包括主语从句、状语从句、独立主格结构)等，总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是，文章没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师判卷带来了困难，从而影响了得分。
如果我们把该文分成三段，前两句为第一段，简要说明要举行摄影展以及主题；后两句为第三段，对对方来参加比赛提出期待；中间为第二段，对要点进行详细地阐述。这样段落分明、结构清晰，自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐，起评分自然就会高。当然，如果我们再对句子进行一下整合会更好。请看整合后的文章： Dear Henry，
I’m Li Hua, one of your students.I’m writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition.Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1，500 years, and I’m sure you will like it.
The exhibition will be held in the local museum from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next Saturday.Some famous Chinese artists will perform on that day. Meanwhile, some beautiful paper
-cutting works, collected from all over the country，will be on show.If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, you can also join in paper-cutting.I’m sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours， Li Hua
由于近几年高考全国卷的书面表达部分基本都是书信，字数均要求100左右。我们不妨可以把书信按照传统的“三段式”进行划分，有时也可分为四段。按照时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关联的内容安排在相应的段落内，使层次更清晰，结构更合理。
书信最显著的特点除格式外，就是开头段和结尾段。下面我们主要介绍一下书信的开头和结尾。
1.常见书信开头段的写法——开门见山
英语书信的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要说什么。 ①I am delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems. Now I’m writing to tell you the plan for the next class.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
②I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
2.常见书信结尾段的写法——表示期待
在书信的结尾处我们常使用一些功能句式，向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候，表达愿望或期待等。
①Looking forward to your early reply. ②Hope to hear from you soon.
③I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 二、合并调整，句式多样
在连句成文时，还会出现句式单调、结构重复或语言冗余等问题。一个句子独立来看是好句子，但若置于篇章之中未必是适合行文的好句子。因此，需要对这些句子进行适当调整，完善表达。请看下面的一个片段：
First，you can try to communicate with your parents，and you can communicate with your teachers and friends as well.You can get along better with them in order that you can let out your anger.You will not hurt them or yourself if you do so.Second，it is important to do regular exercise.You can play football or basketball.Third，it is important to keep high mood.You should have good mood every day.You should also renew your spirits and release your stress.You can have a good attitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life.
这是未加润色而直接合并要点句凑成的问题段落，问题主要表现在表达单调，简单句过多，主要是you can...，you should...，it is important...，这与“句式多样”的要求相去甚远。
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) (2016·全国卷Ⅱ) (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)