人教版八年级英语上册时态知识总结
一般现在时
一．动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意： 情况 一般情况 加法 加-s 例词 reads, writes, says teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes try－tries carry－carries 以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的加-es 词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变y为i再加-es 词 二．一般现在时表示: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple. （4）表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six. 三 句型 1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词: a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时（I, you, we, they, the boys），主语+动词原形+宾语。 They go to school every day. b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily)，主语+动词s/es+宾语。 Lily often likes singing. (2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。 I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is… 第 1 页 共 14 页
2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语 (1) 行为动词:
a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，主语+don’t+动词原形。
They don’t go to school every day.
b.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesn’t +动词原形。 Lily doesn’t like singing.
(2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语
I am not a worker. 3. 一般疑问句结构: （1）行为动词
a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时， Do+they/we/you+动词原形 Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don’t.） b.主语为第三人称单数时， Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.) （2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语 Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.) 4.特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ （1）行为动词
What do they do every day? How often does Peter go fishing? （2) 系动词(be):
Who is the girl at that gate?
一般过去时
一．动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。 构成规则 一般在动词末尾加-ed 原形 work 过去式 worked 第 2 页 共 14 页
plant play 结尾是e的动词在末尾加like -d live change 末尾只有一个辅音字母的plan（计划） 重读闭音节词，先双写这stop 个辅音字母，再加-ed drop planted played liked lived changed planned stopped dropped carried studied cried 以辅音字母加y结尾的，carry 先变y为i再加-ed study cry 二．一般过去时表示:
（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如What did you have for breakfast this morning?
（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用，如Last term we often did experiments. 三．句型 1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式
The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were… I was at home last night. 2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形
The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago. (2)系动词(be): 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。
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I wasn’t at home last night. 3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…? Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.) (2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语…? Were you at home last night?
(Yes, I was. No, I was’t.) 4.特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问词（what, how often, which, where,who）+一般疑问句？ ★频度副词：通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时，频率副词常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
1.常见的频度副词有：always（总是，一直）、usually（通常）、often（常常，经常）、sometimes（有时候）、never（从不）、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每天)。
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。
Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3. every day 与 everyday
a. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。
b. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
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She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日
常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？
★ 练习
1. How often _does____ your father drink__(drink) wine? 2. His mother __comes___ (come) to see him once a week. 3. Her sister __will not stay___ (not stay) at home on Sundays. 4. Where __were___ (be) you last night? 5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问) __ How often__ __does she __ exercise ?
6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句) Jim ____ never does__ his homework after school.
7. He never goes fishing, ___ does he___?(完成反意疑问句) 8. He （go）__ goes____to the park every day. 9. __Do____ Lucy and Lily （like）__ like ____China? 10. Li Lei（not like）__ doesn't like____ to drink orange soda.
11. ___Did ___Li Ming’s father （have）_ have _____ his lunch at home? 12. Everybody （have）__ has ____ a chance to win. 13.___ Did ___you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. 14.Did Tom ____go___ home at five yesterday? No, he ____didn’t___. He came home at six.
15.What ____did___ you ___buy____ at the store? I bought a camera. 16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I __was_____.
17. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house. 18.When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.
19.Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.
20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more ____ English ____.
A. everyday; every day; B. every day; everyday;
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