discussions, for he was also a participant in the Asilomar conference, in 1975, which brought scientists together to discuss a safe way of using the then-new tcchnology of recombinant DNA, and whose recommendations influenced a generation of biotechnology researchers. Four decades on, the need for a similar sort of chin-wag has arisen. The International Summit on Human Gene Editing has been held by the national scientific academies of three countries — America, Britain and China. They are particularly concerned about whether gene editing should be used to make heritable changes to the human germ line, something Dr Baltimore described as a deep and troubling question. Like those of Asilomar, the conclusions of this meeting will not be binding. But the hope is that, again like Asilomar, a mixture of common sense and peer pressure will create a world in which scientists are trusted to regulate themselves, rather than having politicians and civil servants do it for them. The meeting is being held against a backdrop of rapid scientific advance, Since 2012 research into a new, easy-to-use editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 has blossomed. This technique involves a piece of RNA (a chemical messenger, which can be used to recognise a target section of DNA) and an enzyme (酶) called a nuclease that can snip unwanted genes out and paste new ones in.
Public interest was aroused in April, when Chinese scientists announced they had edited genes in non-viable ( 无活力的) human embryos, and again in November when British researchers said they had successfully treated a one-year-old girl who had leukaemia ( 白血病), using gene-edited T-cells. T-cells are part of the immune system that attack, among other things, tumour cells. The researchers altered T-cells from a healthy donor to encourage them to recognise and kill the patient's cancer, to make them immune to her leukaemia drug, and to ensure they did not attack her healthy cells.
In another recent development, a firm called Edit as Medicine, which is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has said it hopes, in 2017, to start human clinical trials of CRISPR-Cas9 as a treatment for a rare genetic form of blindness
known as Leber congenital amaurosis (伯氏先天性黑蒙). Though other companies are already testing gene-editing therapies, these employ older, clunkier forms of the technology that seem likely to have less commercial potential. Moreover, researchers at the Broad Institute, also in Cambridge, said this week that they had made changes to CRISPR-Cas9 which greatly reduce the rate of editing errors — one of the main obstacles to the technique's medical use.
On the subject of germ-line editing, Eric Lander, the Broad's head, told the meeting it would be useful only in rare cases and said it might be a good idea to \before making permanent changes to the gene pool. The need for caution is advice that might also be heeded by those pursuing work in animals other than people, and in plants — subjects not being covered by the summit.
61. Which ofthe following is TRUE about CRISPR-Cas9?
A. It has fewer side effects. B. It can modify human gene. B. It can protect immune system. D. It has less commercial potential.
62. The underlined word \A. discussion B. negotiation C. argument D. comparison
63. What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Dr. Baltimore started his research on modiffing gene in 1975. B. Scientists' opinions about the use of gene editing are consistent. C. CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied to cure Leber congenital amaurosis. D. More research should be made before the technology comes into wide use.
64. This passage is most probably a______. A. science fiction
B. scientific report
C. conference summary D. commercial advertisement
D
Before the law sits a gatekeeper. To this gatekeeper comes a man from the country who asks to gain entry into the law. But the gatekeeper says that he cannot grant him entry at the moment. The man thinks about it and then asks if he will be allowed to come in sometime later on. \is
possible,\the gatekeeper walks to the side, so the man bends over in order to see through the gate into the inside. When the gatekeeper notices that, he laughs and says: \inside in spite of my prohibition. But take note. I am powerful. And I am only the most lowly gatekeeper. But from room to room stand gatekeepers, each more powerful than the other. I cannot endure even one glimpse of the third.\The man from the country has not expected such difficulties: the law should always be accessible for everyone, he thinks, but as he now looks more closely at the gatekeeper in his fur coat, at his large pointed nose and his long, thin, black Tartar's beard, he decides that it would be better to wait until he gets permission to go inside. The gatekeeper gives him a stool and allows him to sit down at the side in front of the gate. There he sits for days and years. He makes many attempts to be let in, and he wears the gatekeeper out with his requests. The gatekeeper often interrogates him briefly, questioning him about his homeland and many other things, but they are indifferent questions, the kind great men put, and at the end he always tells him once more that he cannot let him inside yet. The man, who has equipped himself with many things for his journey, spends everything, no matter how valuable, to win over the gatekeeper. The latter takes it all but, as he does so, says, \am taking this only so that you do not think you have failed to do anything.\
During the many years the man observes the gatekeeper almost continuously. He forgets the other gatekeepers, and this first one seems to him the only barrier for entry into the law. He curses the unlucky circumstance, in the first years thoughtlessly and out loud; later, as he grows old, he only mumbles to himself. He becomes childish and, since in the long years studying the gatekeeper he has also come to know the fléas ( PZ) in his fur collar, he even asks the fleas to help him persuade the gatekeeper. Finally his eyesight grows weak, and he does not know whether things are really darker around him or whether his eyes are merely deceiving him. But he recognizes now in the darkness a ray of light which breaks out of the gateway to the law. Now he no longer has much time to live.
Before his death he gathers in his head all his experiences of the entire time up into one question which he has not yet put to the gatekeeper. He waves to him, since he can no longer lift
up his stiffening body. The gatekeeper has to bend way down to him, for the great difference has changed things considerably to the disadvantage of the man.
\are insatiable (不知足
的).\t \except me has requested entry?\to reach his diminishing sense of hearing, he shouts at him, \this entrance was assigned only to you. I'm going now to close it. \
65. Which can best describe the man from the country?
A.Brave but innocent. B. Loyal but ridiculous.
C. Tolerant but stubborn. D. Trustworthy but childish.
66. hat is the implied meaning of the underlined sentences?
A. Anyone who breaks the law will get severe punishment. B. It's next to impossible for people to gain entry into the law.
C. The gatekeepers are powerful enough to defend the law. D. All the gatekeepers take full responsibility for obeying the law.
67. The sentence \do you still want to know now?\asks the gatekeeper. can be put
in
A．① B. ② C. ③ D④
68. Which ofthe following is TRUE?
A.The gatekeeper is actually the symbol of responsibility.
B. All efforts made by the man from the country are in vain.
C. The man from the country finally gains access into the law.
D. A close relationship is formed between the gatekeeper and the man.
69. Why is the man from the country eager to have access to the law continuously?
A.Because he is anxious to explore the nature of law. .
B.Because no one can gain entry into the law except him.
C. Because the gatekeeper promises him entry into the law.
D. Because he knows how to take advantage of the gatekeeper.
70. What may be the title of the novel?
A.Before the law B. Above the law C. A countryman's life
D. A gatekeeper's duty
第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members ofa culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture. Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead