and they can listen to and understand humans. Since they appear to enjoy a relationship with humans, dogs are often kept as pets.
Dogs can perform important activities for humans. For example, there are guard dogs, hunting dogs, herding dogs and guide dogs for the blind. There are also dogs that are trained to smell for diseases in the human body, or to find bombs or illegal drugs. These dogs, called \sometimes assist the police at airports or in other areas. Dogs have even been sent by Russians into outer space, a few years before the first human being.
Dogs are intelligent. They can learn by imitating human behavior. In one study, puppies were presented with a box and shown that when the trainer pressed a lever, a ball would roll out of it for them to play with. The pups were then allowed to interact with the box. Most of the puppies finally touched the lever to get the ball. It is probably due to their high IQ that dogs can understand instructions and communicate with humans successfully. 1. How long have dogs lived with human beings?
2. Why are dogs sometimes called “man?s best friend”?
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an important activity dogs can perform? 4. Which of the following is NOT done by a sniffer dog? 5. What was true of the puppies at the end of the study? 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C Task 3: Protecting endangered species
Around the world, habitats are being destroyed at an alarming rate, putting many wildlife species in danger of extinction. Threatened and endangered animals and plants are found in many places throughout the globe—you may even find some in your own backyard. To protect endangered animals and plants, think both globally and locally. There are many things you can do to contribute to their protection. To begin with, you can find out what animals living near you are on the endangered species list. Spend some time learning about these animals and their habitats.
You can also contribute to nature reserves and other wilderness areas. Habitat preservation is one of the best ways to help protect endangered animals. Donate money or volunteer your time helping the nature reserve preserve habitat. Or, do both.
Another thing you can do is buy environmentally friendly products. Choose non-toxic cleaners that won't pollute streams, rivers or oceans. Avoid any companies that, when manufacturing products, endanger animals. Buy foods and goods that are made from materials that do not harm endangered animals or their habitats. For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting down rainforests.
Moreover, you can help create or restore habitats for endangered animals. You can volunteer to help with projects worldwide designed to re-establish habitat. In your own backyard, for example, plant a butterfly garden.
Individual effort is not enough. You need to join a local, national or global conservation organization. Through these organizations, you can perhaps \options are endless. All you need to do is a little exploring.
1. According to the passage, where are threatened and endangered animals?
2. According to the passage, what is one of the best ways to preserve endangered species? 3. Which of the following environmentally friendly goods does the speaker mention?
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a thing you can do personally to help with the
environment?
5. What is the passage mainly about? 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C
V. Let?s Talk
An Intelligent Dog
A black dog walked into a butcher?s shop with a five-dollar bill in his mouth. He spent several minutes looking at the meat on display. He finally fixed his eyes on the lamb chops and barked, showing that he wanted to buy some. The butcher, thinking the dog wouldn?t know the difference, picked out the worst chops. The dog barked angrily and continued to bark until the butcher selected the finest chops. After the butcher took the money from the dog?s mouth, the dog picked up the chops and left the shop.
The butcher was deeply impressed and decided that he would like to own a clever dog like that. He closed up shop and followed the dog to see where it went. The dog entered an apartment house, climbed to the third floor, and began to scratch on the door. With that, the door opened and an angry man started yelling at the dog. As he did so, the butcher stepped forward to ask the man to stop. “What are you doing?” That?s the smartest animal I?ve ever seen! Surely it doesn?t deserve this kind of treatment.” The butcher then went on to explain how the dog had bought the best lamb chops in the shop. The man looked at the butcher from the corner of his eye and said, “I don?t think he?s so intelligent. You see, this is third time this week he?s forgotten his key.” Characters Actions and Words
A dog walked into a butcher?s shop with five dollars;
fixed eyes on the lamb chops and barked.
The butcher picked up the worst / lowest quality chops. The dog barked angrily and continuously The butcher selected the finest chops;
took the money.
The dog left.
The butcher wanted to own / have such a dog;
followed the dog.
The dog entered an apartment house
climbed to the third floor; scratched on the door.
A man opened the door;
yelled at the dog.
The butcher asked him to stop,
saying it was the smartest / cleverest animal;
explained how the dog had got the best lamb chops.
The man looked at him sideways;
said it was the third time this week the dog had forgotten his key.
VI. Furthering Listening and Speaking Task 1: A Birthday Present
Mary: David, how did your mom like the dog you gave her for a birthday gift?
David: Oh, Mary, she was delighted. It licked her hand and wagged its tail and she was hooked.
Mary: What did she call it?
David: She?s calling it “Brian”, after a friend of hers.
Mary: Your mom always did have a sense of humor. I read somewhere that dogs can become very close to their owners.
David: I?ve heard that. I saw an interview on TV with a man who had epileptic attacks, and his dog would warn him before he would have an attack. Mary: Really? I wonder how they can do that1
David: It has something to do with the dog?s keen sense of smell.
Mary: Do you think Brian will be able to foretell when your mom is going to roast a chicken?
After David gave his mom a dog as a birthday present, she was very delighted / pleased, for the dog licked her hand and wagged its tail. She called it Brian after one of her friends. Mary read an article which says that dogs can be close to their owners. David agreed, for he saw a TV interview which introduced a dog that could warn its master of an epileptic attack. He explained that this has something to do with its keen sense of smell. Jokingly, Mary said she wondered whether Brian can foretell / predict when David?s mom is going to roast a chicken. Task 2: A Sudden Change in the Parrot?s Attitude
A young man named John received a parrot as a gift. The parrot had a bad attitude and an even worse vocabulary. Every word out of this bird?s mouth was rude. John tried every method to change the bird?s attitude by constantly saying polite words, playing soft music, and anything he could think of to set a good example. Nothing worked. Finally, John got fed up and he yelled at the parrot. And the bird yelled back. John shook the parrot, and the bird got angrier and ruder. Finally, in a moment of desperation, John put the bird in the refrigerator freezer. For a few minutes, John heard the bird scream and kick. Then suddenly there was silence. Not a sound for over a minute. Fearing that he?d hurt the bird, John quickly opened the door to the freezer. The parrot calmly stepped out and said, “I believe I may have offended you with my rude language and actions. I am truly sorry, and I will do everything I can to correct my poor behavior.”
John was greatly surprised at the bird?s change of attitude. As he was about to ask the parrot what had caused such a sudden change in his behavior, the bird continued, “May I ask why you put the chickens there and what they did wrong?” 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D Task 3: Dogs aren?t allowed here!
Manager: I?m sorry. Miss, but dogs aren?t allowed in this theater. Mary: But I have a ticket for him.
Manager: I?m very sorry, but animals aren?t permitted.
Mary: You don?t understand. This is a special case. My dog is so well trained and so intelligent that he?s almost human.
Manager: I see that you have an exceptional animal, but…
Mary: I promise you that if there is any problem we?ll leave the theater immediately. I promise you that this dog isn?t like any other dog you?ve ever seen.
Manager: Well…all right. I?ll let you go in, since the theater is almost empty tonight. But your dog will have to behave himself, or you will have to leave. Mary: Thank you very much.
1. in the theater 2. a ticket 3. well-trained intelligent human 4.any problem leave the theater any other dog 5. let the dog in almost empty
Speaking
A Funeral for a Dead Fish
Nancy: Westerners often take pets as their friends, even their family members. Especially dogs They think dogs are man?s best friends. Michael: What pets do people usually keep?
Nancy: A lot. Fish, cats, horses… anything could be a pet. Michael: Do you have a pet?
Nancy: I have three fish. One day, the fish called Susan died. We even had a funeral for her. Michael: A funeral?
Nancy: Yes, usually it?s a ceremony for dead people. But we had a funeral for the dead fish. Michael: Sounds interesting.
Nancy: Well, I need to go back to feed my fish. Talk to you later. Michael: OK, bye.
Unit6
II. Listening Skills Dialog 1
Girl 1: What do you think of this miniskirt, Amy? Pretty hot stuff, eh?
Girl 2: Wow…it?s pretty short. My mom would never let me wear something like that. Girl 1: My mom?s cool. She lets me make my own decisions about clothes. Girl 2: Not my mom. She?d be mad if I came home in a skirt like that.
Girl 1: Let?s both got one; then maybe your mom wouldn?t be so upset if we both wore the same skirt.
Girl 2: Well…maybe.
1.D 2. The first girl (The girl who suggests wearing the short skirt.) Dialog 2
Mother: Lily, where did you get that skirt? You can?t wear that. It?s much too short! What will others think?
Lily: You don?t understand fashion. It?s what everyone is wearing. I think it looks very attractive.
Mother: Nonsense, it?s only suitable for a supermodel on the catwalk. It?s not meant for ordinary people like us. Your dad is sure to say the skirt is far too revealing!
Lily: But it?s really in high fashion; everyone is wearing clothes like this. Mother: Not everyone. Your friend Amy would never wear a skirt like that! [Amy comes in, wearing the same style of short skirt!]
Lily: Look, Amy has come. She?s wearing the same skirt! Mother: My God, I give up. 1. B 2. No, she hasn?t.
III. Listening In
Task 1: A Woman?s Funny Dress
Lily: Mom, look at that woman. Her dress looks funny. Mother: I wouldn?t say that, Lily. It looks fine to me.
Lily: Are you kidding? She?s out of fashion. That?s last year?s style.
Mother: Oh, come on！As long as it looks good on her. Lily: Wow, you?re really as out-dated as she is.
Mother: You?re right. I?m out of date. So what? What?s the point of following fashion trend? Lily: No wonder you never buy me new dresses.
1. looks funny 2. looks fine 3. out of fashion 4. good on her 5. out-dated 6. following fashion trends 7. no wonder Task 2: How is fashion decided?
Fashion designers design and make fashionable clothes for men and women. They deign trends and create new styles. Paris has been the traditional center of world fashion, though recently British designers have had great influence in setting new styles, and so have certain designers in the United States and Italy. French designers guard the secrets of their new designs until their collections are shown to the public. Then pictures of the styles are published in newspapers and magazines all over the world. People from many countries travel to Paris to buy the clothes and copy the newest ideas. In January they go to see the spring clothes; and in July, to see the autumn designs. Many dress manufacturers from other countries buy the original clothes of the famous French designers. They then take them back to their own sewing rooms, where the clothes are copied and made up in great numbers. That?s why you may be able to buy in your town the clothing that is in the latest style without paying a very high price for it. Other manufacturers use the Paris styles simply as a starting point for their own ideas. Still others may adapt only a part of the French design into their own styles. Keys:
Fashion designers design fashionable clothes, begin trends and new styles, and their work is copied all over the world. Paris has been the traditional center of the world fashion, where the
secrets of the new designs are guarded until they are shown to the public
People and manufacturers come to Paris to buy and copy new clothes, in January and July. Then the clothes are copied and made up in great numbers, for which you don?t have to pay a high price. Other manufacturers use Paris styles simply as a starting point for their own ideas.
Still others adapt only a part of the French design into their own styles.
Task 3: Fashion models
There are different kinds of models. Fashion models may walk on catwalks or runways to display and promote various types of clothing, such as underwear, dresses and swimsuits—especially bikinis. Some supermodels are highly-paid fashion models and often appear on the covers of top fashion magazines. Bikini models are usually required to have a very thin body shape that is considered attractive. A glamour model, on the other hand, often poses on a red carpet for photographs, which emphasize the model's appealing body shape more than the fashion of the clothes. Glamour models are also used for advertising in men's magazines.
There are differences as to what should be the best body shape for a model, but the British Association of Model Agents says that the ideal chest-waist-hip measurements for a female model,