八年级英语下册第六单元知识点整理
一. 重要词汇和句型.
1. how long (时间持续)多长 (某物) 多长
---How long did you sleep last night ? --- For 8 hours . how soon (从现在起还要)多久
--- How soon will he be back ? --- In a week . how often (某个动作)隔多久一次
---How often do you go to the cinema ? ---- Once a month . how far (某地) 多远
--- How far is the store from here ? --- About 500 meters . how much 多少钱
----How much is the shirt ? --- 150 Yuan . 2. collect 动词, “ 收集, 搜集 ”
He often collects empty glasses and waste paper . My brother likes collecting foreign coins .
collector 名词, “ 收集者, 收藏者 ” He is a famous stamp collector . collection 名词, “ 收藏品 ” He has a lot of sports collection . 3. raise (1) 动词, “ 筹款, 筹募, 筹集 ”
They are raising money for the students in mountains .
How much did you raise for school ? 你筹集了多少钱办学校? ( 2) 动词, “ 举起, 抬起, 提高 ”
Raise your hand if you want to ask a question .
They must find a way to raise the temperature in the room . (3) 动词, “ 种植, 饲养, 养育 ”
Do you know how the Chinese raise silkworm (蚕 ) ? raise 的主语是人, 表示 “ 人为地使某物上升” ;
而rise 的主语是物, 表示 “ 自然地或非主观因素地提升”
Joe raised his bow(弓) and began to take aim at (瞄准) the bird . The sun rises in the east . raise 是及物动词, rise是不及物动词
Prices have been raised a lot . 物价涨了很多.
The price of the TV sets has risen recently . 最近电视机涨价了. 4. thanks for sth. === thank you for sth 谢谢某人的某物
thanks for doing sth === thank you for doing sth 谢谢某人做某事 Thanks for your presents . === Thank you for your presents . Thanks for helping me .=== Thank you for helping me . 5. run out of (1 ) 用完, 耗尽
We are running out of our money . 我们的钱快用光了.
We have run out of the paper . Can you go and get some for us ? (2 ) 从……跑出来 look ! He is running out of the room . 6. room (1) 不可数名词, “ 空间, 空地, 位置 ” make room for 给……腾地方
There is no standing room in the bus . 公共汽车上连站的地方都没有了.
7. with (1) 和某人一 起 I live in Beijing with my parents . He often plays football with his friends after class .
(2) 用…… We see with eyes and hear with ears . They climb trees with ladders (爬树 ) .
(3 ) “ 带有, 具有 ” 表示伴随的特征 He is a man with only one eye . China is a country with a long history . 8. a pair of 一对, 一双, 一副
通常修饰由两部分合在一起的物品 复数体现在pair 后面 a pair of shoes \\ gloves \\ socks \\ glasses \\ pants \\ scissors (剪刀)
There is a pair of shoes under the chair .
My sister bought two pairs of socks yesterday .
pair是单数时, 谓语动词用单数形式, pair是复数时, 谓语动词用复数形式. A pair of gloves is welcome present (礼物) . Many pairs of shoes are in the box . pair 词组加定语时, 要放在pair的前面.
He bought a new pair of shoes last week .
9. one 代词, 用来代替上文所指的单数的人或物. 如果代替复数名词, 则用ones . I don’t like the watch . Please show me another one . These shoes are too expensive . What about those ones ? 10. by the way 顺便问一下, 顺便说一下
By the way , where is the nearest hospital ? By the way , I have something to tell you .
其它短语: all the way 一路上, 一直 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
on the way 在路上, 在途中 by way of … 以……的方法\\ 方式 show sb. the way 给某人指路 this way, please .请走这边.
11. be interested in sth.=== show interest in sth 对……感兴趣 I am interested in English .
The boy showed great interest in science when he was ten . be interested in doing sth . 对做某事感兴趣 He is interested in playing football . 12. think of (1) 想起, 记得
I can’t think of his name at the moment (现在) .
I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery . (2 ) 认为 What do you think of …… ?
=== How do you like …… ? 你认为…… 怎么样? (3) 考虑, 关心 He always thinks of others . 13. the capital of … …… 的省会 \\ 首都
Beijing is the capital of China .
The capital of Jiangxi province is Nanchang . 14. although \\ though 连词, “ 虽然 ” 引导让步状语从句
Although \\ Though my uncle is old , he looks very strong and healthy . He went to work although \\ though he was ill .
although \\ though “虽然” 和but ( 但是 ) 不能同时用于一个句子中. Although \\Though I agree with you , I have a better idea .
=== I agree with you , but I have a better idea . because ( 因为) 和 so ( 所以 ) 也不能同时用于一个句子中. Because he was ill , he didn’t come to school . == He was ill , so he didn’t come to school . 15. more than == over 超过, 多余
He drew more than \\ over 500 pictures in his whole life . 16. hundred ( 百), thousand ( 千) , million( 百万) , billion ( 十亿 )
前面有具体数字时, 这四个词用原形. 前面没有具体数字时, 分别构成复数短语 hundred of, thousands of, millions of , billions of They prepared thousands of chairs for the fans . The book has 300 thousand words .
17. the + 比较级 , the + 比较级 “ 越…… , 越…… .” The more you read , the more you will get .
The more time you spend , the better you’ll learn English . The harder he works , the richer he is .
The faster he runs , the more excited the funs get . 比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越……” It’s getting warmer and warmer . Computers sell cheaper and cheaper . 18. certain 形容词, “ 确实的, 无疑的 ”
Nothing is certain at the moment . Wait and see .
be certain of We’re certain of success . be certain + 从句 I’m not certain where she lives .
be certain to do sth . Your parents will be certain to agree . be sure 与 be certain 在多数情况下可以互换, 但下列两种情况不能互换.
(1) it作形式主语, 将真正作主语的从句后置时, 一般用be certain , It’s certain that … It’s certain that he will succeed (成功 ) (2) 在祈使句中, 一般用be sure
Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there .
19. far away 在远处 He has to work in a city far away . far away from 离……很远
You’d better take a taxi . The sea is far away from here . Many people make a living far away from his hometown .
20. miss (1) 思念, 想念 She said she missed us very much in her letter . What did you miss most when you lived abroad ( 在国外 )?
(2) 错过, 没赶上 He got up late and missed the early bus . I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing . 21. have been to 去过某地, 已经回来 have gone to 去了某地, 还没有回来 have been in 去了某地, 还在那里
22． give sth to sb.==== give sb. sth 把某物给某人
Please give the book to me . === Please give me the book . 23. a lot of == lots of 许多
二. 现在完成进行时
(一) 现在完成进行时的含义 : 表示一个动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 而且还将 继续延续下去.
How long have you been living in China ? He has been reading the book for four hours .
(二) 现在完成进行时的构成 : 助动词have\\ has + been + 动词的现在分词(动词+ing ) 肯定句: 主语 + have\\ has + been + 动词的现在分词 + 其它.
否定句: 主语 + have\\ has + not + been + 动词的现在分词 + 其它. 一般疑问句: Have\\ Has + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词 + 其它 ?
特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + have\\ has + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词 + 其它 ? How long have you been learning English ? I have been learning English for 3 years . since 3 years ago . Have you been learning English for 3 years ? Yes , I have . ( I have been learning English for 3 three years . ) No , I haven’t . ( I haven’t been learning English for 3 three years . ) 根据上面的例句和下面的提示, 构成类似对话
1. he , look after the old man , since he came here 2. she , live in China , for 5 months .
3. they , work in the hospital , since 2 years ago 4. Kate , study in Peking University , for 4 weeks . 5. Mark , collect stamp , since he was 10 years old . (三) since 和for 的用法.
(1 ) since “ 自从……以来, 从……开始, 引导表示一个时间点的短语或从句 since two years ago , since last month , since three o’clock since he was 10 years old . (2 ) for 引导表示一段时间的短语
for five days , for a year , for two hours