湖南科技大学课程教案
课程名称 高级英语（第一册） 章节、专题 Unit One The Middle Eastern Bazaar 负责人 唐 清 1) To familiarize students with descriptive writing . 教学 2) To familiarize students with the contrast and comparison of words . 重点 3) To enable students to appreciate the writing style of the text. 1.Words and expressions Gothic, as far as, thread one?s way, throng , stall, goods of conceivable kind, din, clear a way, would-be, penetrate, fade away, measured tones, sepulchral, follow suit, peculiarities, open-fronted, display, the order of the day, a point of honor, narrow down, intricate, delicate, profusion, texture, exotic, impinge on, sumptuous, humble, honey-comb, deprive of, cavernous, picturesque, at intervals, rhythmically, disdain, somber, extract, superb, muscular, ramshackle, creak, groan, trickle, glisten, glow, grunt, a trickle of, a flood of . 2. Sentence patterns ….extends as far as the eye can see, one of the peculiarities is that… 教学 it is a point of honor with … 难点 one of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is… here you can find…, elsewhere there is…, then there is…, every here and there… the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is… 3. Rhetorical devices onomatopoeia, metaphor, inversion, parallelism 4. Writing Style objective writing vs impressionistic writing of description 5. Background knowledge Geographic location of Middle East, local customs, Islam, Written work: Write a description of market . Recite paragraphs: 1, 2, 5, 7 Extracurricular reading: 练习 “The history of Middle East” “The Bible---Old Testament” “Talmud” Lesson One The Middle Eastern Bazaar
I.
Topics for preparation. (work for students’ presentation) a) The geographic location of Middle East b) Gothic style c) Moslems II.
Teaching procedure
Part 1. – Lead in
a) Students? presentation b) General questions on the text c) Discussion of the textual structure Part 2. – Detailed study of the text a) words and expressions b) sentence patterns c) rhetorical devices Part 3. – Summary a) descriptive writings b) writing styles of the text
c) exercises (including dictation, recitation, oral work) d) homework III.
References for Teaching
Part 1 The Lead- in
a) Students’ Presentations
a) The geographic location of Middle East b) Gothic style
c) Moslems
b) General questions on the text
(1) what’s the style of the text? A piece of description.
Description is usually organized and developed by space order. He first establishes a point of view, that is, he takes a fixed position in space or a moving position through space and describes what he sees. He may also establish a mental attitude toward his subject as part of his point of view. He selects details in some kind of logical order; he may concentrate on a dominant impression and then move on to other features; he may move from a distance to close up, from close up to a distance, from left to right , from right to left.
Description may be thought of as general or specific. When the controlling sentence calls for general description, the writer selects several of the main typical traits which characterize the subject and proceed to enumerate, analyze, or synthesize its features. For specific description, he focuses on the special characteristics which identify or typify the person, place or thing being described.
Whether general or specific, description may be objective , realistic or emotional, impressionistic. Description is realistic when the topic is viewed from an objective point of view. The intent of the writer is to inform or explain. He records only what his senses detect. This kind of description is much like a black and white photograph---- the camera captures only what is there. He paints with words an objective and impersonal picture, selecting factual details and using denotative and concrete words to avoid an emotional or distorted reproduction. Description is impressionistic when the writer regards the topic from a subjective point of view. The main purpose of impressionistic description is to share with the reader a single dominant impression. The dominant impression may be a sense impression or an emotion. In writing emotional description, a writer tries to evoke in the reader his feelings about the subject; therefore he selects words rich in connotative meaning and appeals strongly to the senses. He is subjective and personal.
(2) what are different styles in English writing? Basically , 4 different styles.
Narration , description, exposition, and argumentation.
Narration is to give an account of an event or a series of events, it is always organized and developed by chronological order.
Essential elements: characters, plot, time and place (settings), conflict, theme, and climax. Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place ,object, or scene.
Exposition is to expound or explain. In an expository paper, we discuss its cause and effect, its nature, and its significance in history.
Argumentation is to convince ,while exposition is to explain. Argumentation tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, while an expository paper makes known something and explains it to make the reader understand.
c) The textual structure of the text
section 1: paragraph. 1 overall impression of a bazaar upon entering into the gate.
section 2: paragraph. 2 the cloth market.
section 3: paragraphs. 3-4 special ways of trading in a bazaar section 4: paragraphs. 5-6 coppersmith market
section 5: paragraph. 7 general description of a group of markets in the bazaar. section 6: paragraphs. 8-9 linseed oil mill
Part 2 Detailed study of the text.
Section I (para 1)
1) Questions on the section.
(1) what’s general impression of entrance of Middle eastern bazaar? From what perspectives does the writer describe? General impression: ancient
( take you back hundreds of years, aged brick and stone. )
The writer describes the entrance from the perspectives of sight, feeling, and sound. Sight: glare, dark, as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Feeling: heat, cool
Sound: tinkling, din, crying their wares, shouting vigorously, arguing and bargaining
The writer describes the bazaar with sound from the animal and human-being at the very beginning, so as to present a lively and busy atmosphere.
(2) What did the writer say ?…the one I am thinking of particularly is entered’
is entered…: the present tense here is called “ historical present”. It is used for vividness. (3) please analyze the features of the words “you pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see…” words of contrast: heat -----cool glare-----dark open square-----cavern
(4) Please explain the differences between throngs of people and crowds of people, and why the writer uses “the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar” instead of “ crowds of
people”
throngs of people differs from crowds of people in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density, while crowds of people emphasize its density.
Throngs of people: 熙熙攘攘的人群（动态） Crowds of people: 拥挤的人群 (静态)
Therefore, throngs of people go with the word “ entering” and “leaving”
(5) Illustrate the sentence pattern “the din of …”and the differences between “ din” and “noise”.
parallelism : stall-holders crying their wares donkey-boys and porters clearing a way would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining din: loud, confused noise that continues.
confused ( the mixture of crying their wares, clearing a way, arguing and bargaining)
Since the different sounds come into being a mixture, the sentence is in singular form. “the
din…is”
noise: unpleasant sound. din : specific; noise: general
2) Words and expressions
glare, as far as the eye can see, shadowy, thread one’s way, every conceivable kind , would-be, clear one’s way glare
1 发出耀眼的强光：
the sun glared out of the blue sky. The sunlight glared on the ice. 2 怒视：
The men who were fighting glaring at each other. 3带有仇恨的目光瞧着：
Their mother stopped the sisters fighting, but they still glared hatred at each other. 4 作名词；刺眼的光
I have to wear sunglasses because of the glare of the sun. glaring 1过于鲜艳的 glaring colors glaring red