Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance
3) stroke
5) minus
7) declarations
2) at the cost of
4) limp
6) regions
8) siege
Appendix I - $9
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the caseof
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy maylead to the conquest of cancer in the near
future.
2) Production in many factories has beenbrought to a halt by the delayed arrival of
raw materials due to the dock workers’strike.
3) Sara has made up her mind that herleisure interests will/should never get in the way of
her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caughtthe foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electroniccalculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /
obsolete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces muchsuperior to ours, we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to therural and mountainous regions to build up
our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficientoperation of an organization. Failure to reckon with
this problem will weaken its strength. Inmany cases, work may be brought to a halt by
constant internal struggle in anorganization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against
the Germans. In fact, this battle turnedthe tide in the Second World War. During this
famous battle, the Soviet troops withstoodthe German siege and weakened the German
army by launching a series ofcounterattacks.
II.More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battlesoccurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in thegloomy trenches of Franceand Belgium.
2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paidoff.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him intoaccepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened herbody, and I wondered how her fragile body could
withstand the harsh weather.
- 90 - Appendix I
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall illthat we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for twoweeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heartattack when he was at work
1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keepwarm—you could easily get burned, especially if you
fall asleep.
4) In those days people believed inmarrying young and having children early.
5) Little Tom was unable to sit still forlonger than a few minutes.
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Structure
1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Dengdiscovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter hadleft the building before it collapsed.
3) To our disappointment, our women's teamlost out to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to our regret, that wewill not be able to visit you during the coming
Christ mas.
2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps(which lie to the) east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Armyhad gained control of the vast areas north of the
Yangtze River.
3) Michelle was born in a small village inthe north of France,but came to live in the United
States at the age of four.■
4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United Statesfor
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze (A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon with
2. stand in the way
4. catching... off his guard
6. declaration
8. drag on
10. bringing...to a halt
Appendix I - 91 - (B)
1. allow 2. reckoned
3. highly 4. forecasts
5. rapidly 6. instant
7. delivery 8. advantage
9. observing 10. Powerful
II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currentlyengaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the
farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy.They are equipped with the most sophisticated
weapons.
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having hada job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly
desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, isdecisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5. Since the chemical plant was identifiedas the source of solution, the village neighborhood
committee decided to close it down at thecost of 100 jobs.
The offensive had already lasted threedays, but we had not gained much ground. Our
troops engaging the enemy at the front werefaced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The
division commander instructed ourbattalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and
launch a surprise attack. To do so,however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were
afraid we might get bogged down in the mud.Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble. We started under cover of darkness andpressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a
stroke of luck, the temperature at nightsuddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the
marsh froze over. Thanks to the coldweather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and
began attacking the enemy from the rear.This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy,
caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check 1. d