people. One does not lightly move from traditions in Japan, many of which are centuries old; in the United States, the habits and attitudes of even one?s parent?s generation are suspect.
Every culture , through its legal and institutional arrangements, mirrors the society?s resolution of some basic human problems. These can provide a useful frame work for the analysis of cultural differences. Organizations also face the same problems and usually take their cue from the prevailing culture in designing solutions to these problems. This suggests that the perspective provided by viewing culture through the framework of this problem will be useful for organizational analysis as well. The following sectiona present a discussion of such a framework in the context of the contrast between Japan and the United Stares.
Before this is presented, however, we must alert the reader that the differences are stated here as being sharper than they may be in reality. On each of the aspects discussed later, there is naturally considerable variation within each culture, because examples demonstrating the cultural reality opposite to the one described in this book can be found easily. Thus, the following discussion should be viewed in the way it is presented,as generalizations and tendencies rather than as absolutes.
31. Cultural differences between the Japanese and the Americans are the _____. A. most obvious B. slightest C. same D. less suitable
32. Those who are likely to doubt their parents? values and ways of doing things are probably ________________.
A. the Japanese B. the Americans C. both the Japanese and the Americans D. neither the Japanese nor the Americans
33. How many types of cultural differences are mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Six. B. Five. C. Four. D. Two.
34. The phrase “alert the reader”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) means _________. A. remind the reader B. teach the reader C. trust the reader D. deceive the reader 35. The passage is probably the _________. A. main part of a research proposal B. opening remark of a lecture C. conclusion of a thesis D. introduction to a book
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure(20 points)
Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
36. Success in life is not _________you make.
A. what money B. how many money C. how much money D. what amount of money
37. The newly-wed couple left for Europe ________ their honeymoon immediately after the wedding ceremony was held in South Africa.
A. in B. during C. over D. on
38. The vast majority of children from 5 to 16 in Britain _____ state schools.
A. attend B. visit C. present D. join
39. One of the most ____ way of improving listening comprehension is by watching television.
A. specific B. proficient C. efficient D. special
40. Actually, both men and women , nine out of ten, are firmly convinced ______ the superior excellence of their own side.
A. as B. about C. through D. of
41. It is ________ that all students will need to complete a University Registration form.
A. sure B. certain C. correct D. necessary 42. In European universities, students are not _____ to attend calsses. A. requested B. persuaded C. needed D. required 43. Adventure travel has now become a hot ______ in the tourist industry. A. inclination B. trend C. direction D. hint
44. Dolphins are interesting because they _______ almost human behavior at times. A. play B. replay C. backplay D. display 45. It was _________ that helped clean the teaching building 30 meters high. A. the football team and I B. the football team and me C. I and the football team D. me and the football team
46. Powerful computers ______ translating documents from one language into another have recently been developed in Japan.
A. able to B. available to C. capable of D. liable to
47. Dr. Elizabeth Lee is the medical director ______ communicable diseaese in the county where she lives.
A. in the charge of B. in charge
C. in charge of D. in charge with
48. The new discoveries by the investigation suggested that the city?s reform plans _____ acceptable.
A. be B. should be C. was D. were
49. Networking requires cultivation that takes time and effort for the process to ____. A. pay in B. pay off C. pay up D. pay for
50. Practically, university students have a lot more to learn ________ the textbook and class.
A. except for B. aside from C. away from D. insides of
51. The University of Copenhagen has a long tradition of _______ international students.
A. meeting B. welcoming C. submitting D. greeting
52. Every society should ______ and respect its entire population , both its young and its old.
A. criticize B. praise C. ignore D. honor
53. It is more difficult _______ people who are naturally shy _______ become effective public speakers.
A. to…to B. of…to C. for…to D. with…to
54. My boss liked my idea ______ a branch office in Los Angeles and gave me the green light to go ahead.
A. opening B. to open C. to have opened D. open
55. The first universities in England were ______ at Oxford in 1185 and at Cambridge in 1209.
A. established B. suggested C. made D. created
56. _____ my degree of Doctor for Sciences in June of 2000, I spent a year in the laboratory of Robert Burns at Harvard University.
A. Obtaining B. Being obtained C. Having obtained D. Obtained
57. Frequently, plans and ants become so dependent on one another that they cannot _________.
A. live alone B. live apart C. live together D. live lonely
58. _____, I went back to my dormitory unhappy in the evening. A. With anything done B. With something doing C. With nothing done D. With nothing having done 59. It seemed so easy to find a job in the U.K. _____ it is not.
A. However B. In fact C. In contrast D. Nevertheless
60. The literature teacher saw a Hollywood movie and he insisted his students go to see it. And they did ____________.
A. before long B. long before C. enough long D. long enough
61. Some people believe that a universal language would certainly build cultural and economic ___________.
A. bands. B. bonds C. bends D. binds
62. The suggestion that colleges ______ administrated by professors was approved by the board.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
63. In this research institute more and more employees are willing to do _______ they are required of .
A. what B. which C. that D. whether
64. After a group of officials went visited Yale, all of them said that they had never been to _______ as this.
A. such well-known a university B. such a well known university C. a such well-known university D. university such a well-known 65. Olympic athletes must be strong both physically and _________.
A. ideally B. emotionally C. culturally D. mentally
66. In terms of artistic value, it is hard to say that one country?s art form is greater than _______.
A. that of another B. another one C. one of another D. one another
67. On the one hand, Canada has the second largest territory in the world; ______, it has the lowest density of population.
A. for short B. on average
C. on second thought D. on the other hand
68. Neither of the employees nor the boss ______ satisfied with the profits. A. were B. was C. be D. been
69. Rather than _______ quietly by the fireside, he?d prefer to take a long walk in the countryside on Sundays however cold it might be.
A. sit B. to sit C. sitting D. sat
70. When Tom was about to speak, his father looked at him, ______ to stop him. A. as regards B. as to C. as for D. as if 71. He said he wished to ______ in the army during the last three years .
A. serve B. be serving C. have been serving D. be served 72. Price rising is the outcome for _______ everyone should be ready during the next decade.
A. which B. what C. that D. whom
73. _____ much you may dislike it , junk mail comes to most of you anyway. A. Whatever B. Whichever C. However D. Whenever
74. All the British universities receive some government ________ except Buckingham.
A. allowance B. grants C. funding D. cooperation
75. A well-written composition _______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things .
A. calls for B. calls on C. calls up D. calls off
Part Ⅳ Cloze Test(10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Humans fall into two types when it comes to biological clock: the early-to-bed and early-to-rise or the late-night-loving who wake up long after the dawn. As any parent knows, teenagers may take the 76 to extremes. But their oversleeping does not relax them. Some researchers say: “Biology is to blame.”
The researches surveyed the sleep habits of 25, 000 Germans. 77 from 8 to 90, and found that as the teenage years wear on , the hour when kids go to bed and get up drifts later and later. It?s not that they?re sleeping more, 78 , it?s that their living clocks are twisted. However, when they are around age 20, the pattern reverses. The clocks tick 79 , and young adults begin to go to sleep and wake up earlier and earlier. Eventually, their clocks go along with 80 of older people.
The quick change may mark the biological end of teenage years. A difference 81 the timing in man and in woman points to a biological cause, perhaps a hormonal effect.
Because the living clock is 82 by exposure to sunlight, the researchers suspect the many hours some kids 83 staying in their dark rooms could push the clocks even later-a pattern that may be more common in industrialized societies. The researchers also discovered that rural residents, 84 lifestyle puts them in daylight more, go to bed and get up an hour earlier than city 85 . “We think this is only the tip of an iceberg that shows us the consequences of dim-light environments, ” the researchers say.
76. A. former B. latter C. first D. last 77. A. range B. ranges C. ranging D. ranged
78. A. Rather B. Though C. Yet D. Nevertheless 79. A. forth B. forwards C. upwards D. back 80. A. this B. that C. those D. these
81. A. for B. between C. among D. of
82. A. adjusted B. adjusting C. adapted D. adapting 83. A. take B. use C. afford D. spend 84. A. their B. whose C. which D. how 85. A. researchers B. teenagers C. residents D. parents
Paper Two 试卷二
（30 minutes） Part Ⅴ Writing(15 points)
Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “The Importance of
Obtaining a Degree for your Life.” Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below.
1. 学位对人生成功的意义。 2. 你应当如何努力取得学位？
参考答案
1-5 BACDD 6-10 BCDBB 11-15 DADBB
16-20 DDDBA 21-25 BADDD 26-30 DADCB 31-35 ABDAB
36-40 CDACD 41-45 BDBDA 46-50 BCCBB 51-55 BDCBA 56-60 CBDBA 61-65 DCABD 66-70 ADBAD 71-75 CACBA
76-80 BCABB 81-85 BADBC
Paper Two 试卷二 Writing
参考作文
The Importance of Obtaining a Degree for Your Life
It is well-known that there are sharp competitions in the market of employment nowadays. A college degree is , to some extent, a passport to a prosperous future. So if one wants to find a decent job in the future, it is important and necessary for him to obtain a degree in his life first.
As for me, to obtain a degree is not an easy thing, But I believe that great success resulted from hardworking and great confidence. On one hand, I must overcome a lot of difficulties while I am learning something new within my courses at my spare time. I will try my best to understand what I learn. On the other hand, when I come across difficulties and hardships, I should not complain about them but cope with them with patience and confidence. And what?s more, I should build up faith in myself by realizing my strong points and weak points.
As the proverb goes, “where there is a will, there is a way”. I am sure I can obtain a degree successfully in my life by means of confidence and deligence.