Sea.
1. According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins， which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates？
（A） Increases in sedimentation on ocean floors （B） Spreading of ocean trenches （C） Movement of mid-ocean ridges （D） Sinking of ocean basins
（E） Differences in temperature under oceans and continents
2. It can be inferred from the passage that， of the following， the deepest sediments would be found in the
（A） Indian Ocean （B） Black Sea （C） Mid-Atlantic （D） South Atlantic （E） Pacific
3. The author refers to a “conveyer belt ” in line 13 in order to
（A） illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
（B） show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents （C） demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
（D） describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling （E） account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
4.According to the passage， which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides？
（A） The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan
（B） The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge （C） The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge （D） The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge （E） The Black Sea and the Sea of Japan
5. Which of the following titles would best describe the content of the passage？ （A） A Description of the Oceans of the World （B） Several Theories of Ocean Basin Formation （C） The Traditional View of the Oceans （D） Convection and Ocean Currents
（E） Temperature Differences Among the Oceans of the World
Passage 4
In the eighteenth century, Japan?s feudal overlords, from the shogun (shogun: n.<日>幕府时代的将军) to the humblest samurai (samurai: n.(封建时代的)日本武士,日本陆军军官), found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords? failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to
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factors beyond the overlords? control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords? income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords? income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan?s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.
Most of the country?s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun?s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns? search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
1. The passage is most probably an excerpt from
(A) an economic history of Japan
(B) the memoirs of a samurai warrior
(C) a modern novel about eighteenth-century Japan
(D) an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Western counterpart
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(E) an introduction to a collection of Japanese folktales
2. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan?s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?
(A) A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.
(B) Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.
(C) A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no credit history.
(D) A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.
(E) A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency and thereby compensate for a loss of revenue.
3. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the samurai discussed in lines 11-16?
(A) Warmly approving (B) Mildly sympathetic (C) Bitterly disappointed (D) Harshly disdainful (E) Profoundly shocked
4. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collector
(A) was a source of personal profit to the officeholder
(B) was regarded with derision by many Japanese (C) remained within families (D) existed only in castle-towns (E) took up most of the officeholder?s time
5. The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state? (A) A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.
(B) Most of the country?s wealth appeared to be in city merchants? hands.
(C) Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such as floods.
(D) The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.
(E) Further reclamation of land would not have been economically advantageous.
汉译英
北京，7月11日-中国警方命令一个报道中国社会和经济发展超过10年的知名西方时事通刊物志停刊，该刊物的英国编辑如是说。
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中国发展简报在北京有11位雇员，关注贫穷救助、环境保护、计划生育、国际扶助项目、中国民间团体等新闻。该刊创立于1996年，发行中文和英文两种版本，并提供网上浏览。 Nick Young创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。
杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。
关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民众团体的关注持续增加。某些民众团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某些中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的不安定。如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。官员说那些团体能够极大的帮助监测和抵制***、虐工和违法环境法律。 中国发展简报无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。
但***涛主席已经警告中国的安全部门必须要杜绝出现“颜***命”，也就是乔治亚、乌克兰、吉尔吉斯、黎巴嫩中西方支持的有助于政党更迭的社会活动。中国发展简报无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。他说该刊物经常为中国辩护，反抗美国政府和西方记者的陈词滥调。
“我在过去的十年中一直告诉外国人，中国并不像西方媒体通常描述的***专制和集权”，他说。“最后，我认为如果我们能有开放、明智的对话，那么我们就能被接受”
英译汉
OZARK, Ark. — Brenda Farmer and Willie Blanscet have sat across from each other on the Butterball bagging line for 17 years, 102 cold, raw turkeys sliding by in front of them every minute
“Me and Willie look at each other and say, ?How in the world can anybody eat this much turkey?? ” Mrs. Farmer said.
For $11.40 an hour, the women, both in their 60s, cull the good from the bad.
The ones that are not bruised or missing a leg move down the line to be injected with brine, stuffed with a neck and a packet of giblets, then bagged and sent out into the world, where they land on holiday tables all over America.
The odds are good that yours may be one. The women, along with workers at another Butterball plant a 90-minute drive away, help produce about a third of the 43 million turkeys the nation will eat today, according to the National Turkey Federation.
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This corner of northwest Arkansas is not the land of free-running heritage birds that command $16 a pound. A leisurely morning browsing the farmers? market is not how most people spend a Saturday.
In this community of 3,000 on the Arkansas River, where everyone is cheering on the Hillbillies, the high school football team that made it to the state playoffs, turkey is an industry. And a job at the Butterball plant is one of the most reliable in town.
The median income in Franklin County is just over $30,000 a year. Unemployment is at 7.3 percent. Every week, a dozen or so people show up at the plant looking for work. Maybe two get hired, plant managers said.
It is not easy work. Turkeys need to be stunned and dispatched and gutted. Someone has to cut the oil gland out of the tail. Necks and gizzards and livers have to be cleaned and stuffed into a cavity. During a six-week period that begins in October, the line runs seven days a week to process fresh turkey. It is a period people in town simply refer to as “fresh,” and it is grueling.
“It?s a long battle when we?re working fresh, but I at least got some bills paid and Christmas money,” Mrs. Farmer said. “I just sit there and hum and sing and talk to my friend Willie. We get through it together.”
参考答案
Passage 1 baccd Passage 2 dbebd Passage 3 ebadb Passage 4 adbcb
汉译英1 He said that the newsletter did not conduct polls or surveys and that the order was vague enough to prohibit almost any kind of information gathering that required interaction with local citizens.
2 Some civic groups have helped people on the lower rungs of Chinese society defend their legal rights, and some Chinese officials contend that the groups have contributed to a surge in social unrest.
3 China Development Brief had no license to publish in China, and its employees were not registered as news correspondents, meaning the newsletter had long operated without the permits required of larger publications. 英译汉
1. 一些妇女和工人们在距离这里90分钟车程的巴特堡养殖场工作，根据美国火鸡联盟提供的数字，今天全国火鸡的总消耗量将达4300万只，其中总量的三分之一的火鸡由巴特堡的这家养殖场提供。
2 阿肯色河沿岸有3000个群落。这里的每一个人都在为高中橄榄球队希尔比利斯能进入全国季后赛而欢呼雀跃。在这里，火鸡是一项产业
3. 在从十月份起长达六周的时间里，生产线整周整周地不停加工新鲜的火鸡。小镇里的人称这段时间为“新鲜期”，这段时间的工作十分折磨人。
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