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GLOSSARY The purpose of this glossary is to help the user better understand and implement the Science Standard. It is not intended to be a study guide for the AIMS and is not a comprehensive list of all science terms. abiotic absorb adaptation affect affluence applied science asteroid atmosphere atom barometric pressure bias biodiversity biome biotic calorimetric camouflage carrying capacity catalyst cellular respiration circuit cirrus characteristic cladistics classification system classify nonliving to take up (e.g., plant roots absorb water) hereditary features of organisms that allow them to live in a particular environment to have an influence on plentiful supply of material goods; wealth scientific knowledge that is used for practical purposes small rocky body orbiting the Sun gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical nature of the element atmospheric pressure as indicated by a barometer, used especially in weather forecasting statistical sampling or testing error caused by systematically favoring some outcomes over others 1. number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region 2. variability among organisms, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems community of living organisms of a single major ecological community (e.g., tropical rain forest, grassland, desert) relating to life or living organisms relating to the measurement of heat energy by means of temperature measurements concealment by disguise or protective coloring maximum number of individuals that a given environment can support for a sustained period of time substance, usually used in small amounts relative to the reactants, that modifies and increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process metabolic processes which break down nutrients into usable energy 1. closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current 2. configuration of electrically or electromagnetically connected components or devices high-altitude cloud composed of narrow bands or patches of thin, generally white, fleecy parts distinguishing trait, feature, quality, or property system of classification that constructs evolutionary trees, showing how shared derived characters can be used to reveal degrees of evolutionary relationships between existing and extinct species method of organization of objects or organisms using distinct characteristics or features to arrange or organize according to class or category 医护英语博客 http://sibara.blog.163.com email sibara@163.com Articulated by Grade Level
http://sibara.blog.163.com Science Standard
GLOSSARY
The purpose of this glossary is to help the user better understand and implement the Science Standard. It is not intended to be a study guide for the AIMS and is not a comprehensive list of all science terms.
climate comet community compound conduction conifer conservation constellation consumer contrail controlled investigation convection cumulus data decomposer deformation deposition average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity and precipitation body of dust, ice, and gas, which orbits the Sun; the orbit is usually highly elliptical or even parabolic group of plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions process by which heat or electrical energy is transmitted through a material or body without gross motion of the medium itself any of various mostly needle-leaved or scale-leaved, chiefly evergreen, cone-bearing gymnosperm trees or shrubs such as pines, spruces, and firs Life science: the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and of natural resources such as forests, soil, and water, to prevent exploitation, destruction or neglect Physical science: a unifying principle of constancy of a quantity under specified conditions formation of stars perceived as a figure or design, especially one of 88 recognized groups named after characters from classical mythology and various common animals and objects organisms requiring complex organic compounds for food, which is obtained by preying on other organisms or by eating particles of organic matter artificial cloud created by an aircraft, caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface, or by water vapor in the engine exhaust investigation in which all but one variable remain constant transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents of matter from one region to another dense, white, fluffy, flat-based cloud with a multiple rounded top and a well-defined outline, usually formed by the ascent of thermally unstable air masses factual information, from observations, organized for analysis organisms such as bacteria and fungi that feed and break down dead organisms, returning constituents of organic substances to the environment alteration of shape, as by pressure or stress 1. act of depositing, especially the laying down of matter by a natural process 2. something deposited; a deposit 医护英语博客 http://sibara.blog.163.com email sibara@163.com Articulated by Grade Level
http://sibara.blog.163.com Science Standard
GLOSSARY
The purpose of this glossary is to help the user better understand and implement the Science Standard. It is not intended to be a study guide for the AIMS and is not a comprehensive list of all science terms.
distinguish dominant DNA ecology ecosystem eclipse electron element environment erosion eukaryotic experimentation extinct fertilization food chain food web force formulate frequency friction front (weather) gas genotype to perceive or indicate differences; discriminate of, relating to, or being an allele that produces the same phenotypic effect whether inherited with a homozygous or heterozygous allele (Deoxyribonucleic acid) double strand of nucleotides that is a self-replicating molecule present in living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes; contains the genetic code and transmits the heredity pattern study of the interactions and relationships between and among organisms and their environment all the organisms in a given area and the abiotic factors with which they interact partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another negatively charged fundamental particle in an atom any of more than 100 fundamental substances that consist of atoms of only one atomic number and that singly or in combination constitute all matter sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism, including the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the Earth's surface referring to a cell with a nucleus and other internal structure act of conducting a controlled test or investigation no longer in existence 1. act or process of initiating biological reproduction by insemination or pollination 2. union of male and female gametes to form a zygote arrangement of the organisms of an ecological community according to the order of predation in which each uses the next as a food source totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community K-6: push or pull that changes the motion or shape of an object 7- HS: vector quantity that tends to produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application to devise or invent ratio of the number of times an event occurs in a series of trials of a chance experiment to the number of trials of the experiment performed; the number of cycles an oscillating system executes in one second force that resists relative motion between two bodies in contact interface between air masses of different temperatures or densities state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and is much less dense than a liquid because its molecules are far apart compared to their diameters particular combination of genes in an organism 医护英语博客 http://sibara.blog.163.com email sibara@163.com Articulated by Grade Level
http://sibara.blog.163.com Science Standard
GLOSSARY
The purpose of this glossary is to help the user better understand and implement the Science Standard. It is not intended to be a study guide for the AIMS and is not a comprehensive list of all science terms.
gravitation gravity greenhouse gas guided investigation habitat hazardous waste heredity heterogeneous homogeneous hydrosphere hypothesis igneous inorganic interdependence interpretation interrelationships invertebrate investigation involuntary isotope lever limiting factor liquid universal force by which every body in the universe attracts every other body attraction of the mass of the Earth, the Moon or a planet for bodies at or near its surface atmospheric gas such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allows incoming sunlight to pass through but absorbs infrared radiation radiated back from the Earth's surface, leading to the phenomenon whereby the Earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation teacher-directed investigation place or environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows substance, such as nuclear waste or an industrial byproduct, that is potentially damaging to the environment and harmful to humans and other organisms genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring consisting of dissimilar elements or parts uniform in structure or composition throughout aqueous envelope of the Earth, including the oceans, all lakes, streams, and underground waters, ice, and the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere K-5: statement of an anticipated result of an investigation 6-HS: proposed relationship among variables relating to, resulting from, or suggestive of the intrusion or extrusion of magma or volcanic activity; rock formed from molten magma involving neither organic life nor the products of organic life Chemistry: of or relating to compounds not containing carbon state of organisms depending on each other and the environment for survival explanation interactions between two or more objects or organisms animal, such as an insect or mollusk, that lacks a backbone or spinal column inquiry, research, or systematic examination not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body (involuntary muscle fibers) any of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and nearly identical chemical behavior, but with differing atomic mass and mass number and different physical properties simple machine consisting of a rigid bar pivoted on a fixed point and used to transmit force, as in raising or moving a weight at one end by pushing down on the other Conditions or resources that control the size of a population state of matter that does not hold a definite shape but occupies a definite volume because its molecules are in close 医护英语博客 http://sibara.blog.163.com email sibara@163.com Articulated by Grade Level
http://sibara.blog.163.com Science Standard
GLOSSARY
The purpose of this glossary is to help the user better understand and implement the Science Standard. It is not intended to be a study guide for the AIMS and is not a comprehensive list of all science terms.
lithosphere living lunar macroscopic mass matter mean meiosis metamorphic meteor microscopic mimicry mitosis mixture model molecule mutation mutualism natural selection contact outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, approximately 100 km (62 mi.) thick state of being alive of, involving, caused by, or affecting the Moon large enough to be perceived or examined by the unaided eye; large compared to a microscopic object property of a body that is a measure of its inertia and causes it to have weight in a gravitational field, that is commonly taken as a measure of the amount of material it contains anything that possesses mass and occupies volume average value of a set of numbers type of cell division that occurs during the reproduction of diploid organisms to produce the gametes. The double set of genes and chromosomes of the normal diploid cells is reduced during meiosis to a single haploid set in the gametes. Crossing-over and, therefore, recombination occur during a phase of meiosis change in the constitution of rock; specifically, a pronounced change affected by pressure, heat and water that results in a more compact and more highly crystalline condition; a rock produced by these processes bright trail or streak that appears in the sky when a meteoroid is heated to incandescence by friction with the Earth's atmosphere; also called falling star, meteor burst, shooting star too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope; small compared to a macroscopic object resemblance of one organism to another or to an object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from predators cell division; cell division in multicellular organisms occurs by mitosis except for the special division called meiosis that generates the gametes portion of matter consisting of two or more components in varying proportions that retain their own properties schematic description or representation of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for at least some of its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics smallest particle of a chemical substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of an organism close, prolonged association between organisms of two different species in which each member benefits; type of symbiotic relationship process by which, in a given environment, individuals having characteristics that aid survival will produce more offspring, so the proportion of individuals having such characteristics will increase with each succeeding generation. Two mechanisms of natural selection include: ? gradualism - slow genetic modification (evolution) of a population over long periods of time 医护英语博客 http://sibara.blog.163.com email sibara@163.com