Circuit breaker 断路器
Compressed air circuit breaker is a mechanical switch equipment, can be i 空气压缩断路器是一种机械开关设备， 能够在 n normal and special conditions breaking current (such as short circuit cur 正常和特殊情况下开断电流（比如说短路电流）。
rent). For example, air circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, interference circ 例如空气断路器、油断路器， 干扰电路的导体 uit conductor for the application of the safety and reliability of the circuit 干扰电路的导体因该安全可靠的应用于其中，
breaker, current in arc from is usually divided into the following grades: a 电流断路器按灭弧远离通常被分为如下等级：ir switch circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, less oil circuit breaker, compr 空气开关断路器、油断路器、少油断路器、 压缩空 essed air circuit breaker, a degaussing of isolating switch, six sulfur hexaf 气断路器、 具有消磁性质的隔离开关、 六氟 luoride circuit breaker and vacuum breaker. Their parameters of voltage, 化硫断路器 和真空断路器。 他们的参数有电压等级、 current, insulation level of breaking capacity, instantaneous voltage off ti 开断容量的电流、绝缘等级 开断时间的瞬时电压恢复和 me of recovery and a bombing. Breaker plate usually include: 1 the maxi 轰炸时间。 断路器的铭牌通常包括： 1.最大可承
mum tolerable current; 2 of the maximum current is interrupted; 3 largest 受电流； 2.最大中断电流； 3.最大线 line voltage; 4 interrupt the cycle number. In the 60hHZ system, interrupt 路电压； 4.中断周期数量。 在60hHZ的系统中，中断 may last from 3- to 8 cycle, in order to quickly break up to the load curre 可能持续3-至8个周期，为了快速中断达负荷电流，
nt, we have to ensure continued to cool it, high-speed, breaking can limit 我们不得不确保它的持续冷却， 高速 开断能限制 on transmission line damage, it is equally important to help system to mai 对传输线路的损害， 这一点是同等重要的它帮助系统 ntain stable operation at any time of the accident, the main circuit breaker 在任何事故发生时维持稳定运行， 断路器主要 by operating mechanism, actuator and arc quenching chamber. 由操作机构、执行机构和灭弧室组成。
When a trigger current or voltage, spring operation mechanism of air isol 当有触发电流或者电压时， 空气隔离开关的弹簧操作机构 ation switch moves quickly to reduce the contact loss, special shape and u 迅速动作以用来减少触点的烧损，主触点的特殊形 se the material of main contact completely fit for the arc of contact, air is 状和使用材料完全适合电弧的接触， 空气 olation switch further improvement is due to the arc quenching performan 隔离开关更进一步的改进是由于灭弧性能
ce, insulating baffle plates arc shield, with arc the function of these specia 绝缘隔板组成的灭弧罩， 带灭弧功能的触头等这些特殊性 l properties, it is used in low voltage and DC circuit breaker. 质， 所以仍被应用于低电压等级和直流断路器中。
Oil circuit breaker in around 1900, mainly to meet the new, breaking capa 多油断路器出现于1900前后，主要用来满足新的开断容量的要求， city requirements, AC switch is immersed in an oil cylinder, the oil in the 交流开关被浸入一个油缸之中， 油在 arc quenching and zero set off function is very effective in the current, arc 熄灭电弧和在电流过零时建立开断功能是十分有效，
gate, nozzle, pear, a new operation mechanism and a variety of the new c 灭弧栅、喷油嘴、鸭梨锄头、新的操作机构和多种新的断路功能 ircuit function in recent decades to introduce the use of oil circuit breaker 在近几十年引进使用多油断路器能够适应362kV。 can adapt to 362kV.
Types and Construction of Transformer 变压器的类型和结构
A transformer is a device that alternating current electric energy at one vo 变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的 ltage level into alternating current electric energy at another voltage level 设备。
through the action of a magnetic field.It consists of two or more coils wir 它由2条或更多的金属丝缠绕在 e wrapped around a common ferromagnetic core.These coils are (usually) 一个核心磁铁上组成的。 这些绕线（一般）不直 not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the com 接接触。 绕线之间唯一的联系是它们共有的存在于磁芯 mon magnectic flux presen within the core. 的磁通量。
One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric po 一组变压器绕组连接到一个交流电源上，
wer,and the second(and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies elect 同时第二组（或许第三组）变压器绕组作为电源提供给负载。 ric power to loads. the transformer winding connected to the power souce 连接到电源上的变压器绕组叫做一次绕组，或者输 is called the primary winding or input winding.and the winding connecte 入绕组。 连接负载的绕组叫做二次 d to the loads is called the secondary winding or input winding.If there is 绕组或者输出绕组。 如果电压 a third winding on the transformer,it is called the tertiary winding. Powe 器上有第三绕组，它叫做三次绕组。 电力变 r transformer are constructed on one of two types of cores.one type of con 压器由一两种磁芯中的一种构成。 一种构造是由 struction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the 一种简单的变压器绕组缠绕在矩形两边的矩形薄钢片组成。 transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle.This typ 这种构 e of construction is know as coreform .The other type consists of three-le 造类型被认为是核心形式。 另一种类型是由绕组缠绕在中心 gged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg .Th 引脚的3引脚叠片铁心构成。 is type of construction is know as shell form.In either case,the core is con 这种构造类型贝壳形式。 其中任意一种类型，磁心都 structed of thin laminations electrically isolated form each other in order i 是由排列整齐的彼此之间电气隔离的薄迭片构成，n order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum. The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapp 一个物理变压器的一次绕组和二次绕组被缠绕成一个在内部的另一 ed one on top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost.Such a 个低压绕组的上面。 这样安 n arrangement severs two purposes: 1.It simplifies the problem of insulati 排达到了两个目的： 1.它简化了从磁芯到高压绕组的绝 ng the high- voltage winding from the core.2.It results in much less leaka 缘问题。 2. 与过去将两个绕组在磁心上