本 科 毕 业 设 计
题目 高空作业车举升臂机构设计及液压控制
系 别 工程技术系 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 职 称 教授
2013 年 04 月 18 日
摘 要
随着国家经济的不断发展，交通运输等基础行业发生着日新月异的变化。高空作业车作为专用起重运输汽车的一种，它可以将工作人员和工作装备运送到达指定现场并进行作业的专用汽车。高空作业车主要用于邮电通讯、市政建设、消防救护、建筑装饰、高空摄影以及造船、石油、化工、航空等行业。它具有机动灵活、转移迅速、覆盖面广、便于接近、到达作业地点后能迅速投入工作等优点。而且折叠臂式高空作业汽车结构比较简单，改装比较容易，因而发展比较快。
本设计主要内容是选择合适的二类底盘，在此基础上对高空作业车的主要工作装置进行设计。通过对支腿机构、举升机构和回转机构的设计，进行各个应用元件布置，并采用液压系统对各个元件进行控制以实现举升和回转运动功能。同时，还对高空作业车的附件进行了简单的设计，并对高空作业车的稳定性进行了计算分析，结果表明基本达到国家对改装车的标准要求。
关键词： 高空作业车； 支腿机构； 举升机构； 回转机构； 设计
Abstract
With the country's economic development, transportation and so on the basis of an ever-changing industry. Folding-arm high above the ground as a dedicated car lifting of a transport vehicle, which can be the work of staff and equipment arrived at the designated on-site delivery and operation of the Special Purpose Vehicle. Folding-arm high above the ground the main vehicle for posts and telecommunications, municipal construction, fire rescue, building decoration, high-altitude photography, as well as shipbuilding, petroleum, chemical, aviation and other industries. It has a flexible, rapid transfer, coverage for close to reach the sites quickly after getting a work of the advantages. And arm-folding high above the ground vehicle structure is relatively simple, relatively easy modification, and therefore faster development.
The main content of this design is to choose a suitable chassis in the second category, on this basis of arm-folding work high above the main work of the car plant design. The outrigger body, lifting and turning the body design, layout components for various applications. And the use of the hydraulic system to control the various components in order to achieve lift and rotary motor function. At the same time, also folded-arm high above the ground Annex cars were simple design, and folded-arm high above the ground vehicle for the stability of the calculation and analysis, results showed that the modification of the basic national standards of vehicles.
Key words: Folded-arm high above the ground vehicles; Outrigger bodies; Lifting bodies; Body
rotation; Design
目录
1 绪 论 ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1概述 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2高空作业车的定义、组成及功用 ......................................................................... 1 1.3国内外高空作业车的发展概况 ............................................................................. 2 2 高空作业车总体方案分析 ................................................................................................ 3
2.1动力传动装置设计与分析 ..................................................................................... 3
2.1.1设计要求 .................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2动力传动装置类型..................................................................................... 3 2.1.3举升机构 .................................................................................................... 4 2.1.4回转机构 .................................................................................................... 6 2.2本章小结................................................................................................................. 7 3 高空作业车总布置设计 .................................................................................................. 7
3.1 总体主要参数的确定 ............................................................................................ 7
3.1.1尺寸参数的确定......................................................................................... 7 3.1.2质量参数的确定......................................................................................... 7 3.2 高空作业车底盘的选择 ........................................................................................ 8 3.3本章小结................................................................................................................. 9 4 举升机构与回转机构设计计算 ........................................................................................ 9
4.1 举升机构设计 ........................................................................................................ 9
4.1.1举升机构运动范围的确定 ......................................................................... 9 4.1.2动臂的结构设计和主要尺寸确定 ........................................................... 10 4.2回转机构设计 ....................................................................................................... 10
4.2.1确定圆柱滚子的最大载荷 ....................................................................... 11 4.2.2确定圆柱滚子的允许载荷 ....................................................................... 12 4.3本章小结............................................................................................................... 13 5 支腿机构和液压系统设计计算 ...................................................................................... 13
5.1 支腿机构设计计算 .............................................................................................. 13
5.1.1支腿跨距的确定....................................................................................... 13 5.1.2支撑脚接地面积确定 ............................................................................... 17 5.2液压系统设计 ....................................................................................................... 17
5.2.1液压系统原理分析................................................................................... 17 5.2.2油缸选型确定 .......................................................................................... 18
5.2.3液压泵的选型计算................................................................................... 20 5.2.4油箱容积与管路内径计算 ....................................................................... 21 5.2.5液压系统参数计算................................................................................... 22 5.2.6液压泵的选型确定................................................................................... 22 5.2.7取力器布置方案及基本参数选择 ........................................................... 23 5.3本章小结............................................................................................................... 24 6 高空作业车稳定性能分析 .............................................................................................. 24
6.1 支腿压力的计算 .................................................................................................. 24 6.2本章小结............................................................................................................... 27 7结 论 ............................................................................................................................... 27 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................ 29