湖南人文科技学院毕业论文（设计）
目 录
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 关键词 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 2 Key Words .................................................................................................................................. 2 第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 课题背景及意义 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 课题研究的背景 .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 课题研究的意义 .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 门禁系统的发展及国内外研究状况 ........................................................................ 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 .................................................................................................. 2
第2章 门禁系统的理论研究技术基础 ................................................................................ 4
2.1 射频识别技术简介 .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 射频识别技术原理 .......................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 射频识别系统的结构 .................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 RFID同其它自动识别技术的比较 ................................................................ 5 2.2 门禁系统结构原理 .................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 门禁系统的功能 .............................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 门禁系统的结构 .............................................................................................. 7
第3章 基于射频识别的门禁系统总体设计 ........................................................................ 9
3.1 系统总体方案设计 .................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 系统设计的基本原则 ...................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 系统总体方案 ................................................................................................ 10 3.2 系统各硬件的选择及设计 ...................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 处理器AT89C52 ............................................................................................ 11 3.2.2 MF RC500 ...................................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 看门狗 ............................................................................................................ 12
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湖南人文科技学院毕业论文（设计）
3.2.4 RS485通讯接口总线 .................................................................................... 14 3.2.5 液晶模块 ........................................................................................................ 14 3.2.6 其他外围接口电路 ........................................................................................ 16 3.2.7 非接触式Mifare1卡的天线选择 ................................................................. 17
第4章 基于射频识别的门禁系统硬件设计 ...................................................................... 18
4.1 射频卡读卡器的天线设计 ...................................................................................... 19
4.1.1 EMC电路....................................................................................................... 19 4.1.2 接收电路 ........................................................................................................ 19 4.1.3 直接匹配电路的阻抗匹配 ............................................................................ 20 4.2 RS485通讯模块设计 .............................................................................................. 20 4.3 看门狗模块 .............................................................................................................. 21 4.4 E2PROM存储器的硬件设计 .................................................................................. 22
4.4.1 E2PROM存储器的接口................................................................................ 23 4.4.2 I2C总线协议 .................................................................................................. 23 4.5 门禁控制电路 .......................................................................................................... 24 第5章 基于射频识别的门禁系统软件设计 ...................................................................... 25
5.1 RFID信息读取工作流程 ........................................................................................ 25 5.2 读卡过程及程序设计介绍 ...................................................................................... 26
5.2.1 询卡 ................................................................................................................ 26 5.2.2 防冲突 ............................................................................................................ 27 5.2.3 选择卡片 ........................................................................................................ 28 5.2.4 验证 ................................................................................................................ 28 5.2.5 读取卡片 ........................................................................................................ 29 5.2.6 卡挂起 ............................................................................................................ 29
第6章 总结与期望 .............................................................................................................. 31 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 33 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 34 附 录1 ..................................................................................................................................... 35 附 录2 ..................................................................................................................................... 36
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湖南人文科技学院毕业论文（设计）
附 录3 ..................................................................................................................................... 37 附 录4 ..................................................................................................................................... 38
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湖南人文科技学院毕业论文（设计）
基于RFID的门禁控制系统研究设计
摘 要：随着社会经济和科技的飞速发展，射频识别技术越来越广泛的应用于各种行业，特
别是身份识别和安防等行业，门禁系统作为智能建筑的重要单元越来越得到重视。射频识别技术使用射频标签是非接触式的、读写速度快、功耗低。本文设计了一种采用RFID技术的高安全性的门禁系统，是通过RFID认证快速确认人员的真实身份的智能门禁系统。当使用者进入门禁系统的检测范围时，系统会自动获取身份信息确定该使用者是不是合法用户，并且记录进出人员的信息，对非法闯入者发出报警信号。
本论文分析了门禁系统的国内外发展现状和趋势，引出课题的研究目的和意义，提出了基于射频识别的智能门禁系统设计方案，对射频识别技术进行了阐述，分别从射频识别技术的基本概念和工作原理两部分进行了阐述。从射频识别系统的组成出发，介绍了射频识别系统的工作原理、主要技术参数和RFID涉及到的关键技术。还分析了系统的硬件和系统的软件设计过程，对硬件电路芯片的选择、硬件驱动程序的设计、串口通讯程序的设计等作了具体详细的介绍。
关键词:射频识别；门禁控制器；ID卡；智能门禁
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湖南人文科技学院毕业论文（设计）
Design of building access control and management system based on Radio Frequency Identification
ABSTRACT：Along with the social economy and the rapid development of science and technology, radio frequency identification technology are be coming more widely used in various sectors particularly the identification and security industries，access control system as an important element of intelligent building more and more attention. Radio frequency identification technology makes radio frequency labels that are non-contact，read and write speed，low power consumption，this article designed a use of RFID technology in high-security smart access control system，is the RFID certification quickly confirm that the staff of the true identity of intelligent access control system. When users enter the access control system for the detection range，the system will automatically obtain identity information to identify the person using them is not a legitimateusers，and record entry of information，on the illegal intruder alarm signal.
It has analyzed the entrance guard system domestic and foreign development present situation and the tendency in this paper，draws out the topic the research goal and the significance，proposed based on the radio frequency recognition intelligent entrance guard system design plan. Secondly，on radio frequency identification technology are described，from radio frequency identification
technology concepts and works in two parts. From radio frequency identification system of start gives radio frequency identification system works the main techoical parameters and RFID key technologies involved. Details about the system’s hardware and system software design process，design out guard system RFID cards。On the select hardware circuit chips, hardware drivers, design, serial communications programs such as the design for specific details.
Key Words: RFID; Access Controller; ID Cards; Intelligent Access
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