prevail over its disadvantages.
反义句型:pale in comparison with...地道英文中极为常用的一个短语，意思是“与?相 比微不足道”
4、A create (or bring about/generate/ cause/breed/ engender/ spawn/induce) B A产生B这个结果
例句:Technological innovations (创新) have brought about fundamental changes to various political，economic and cultural arenas (领域) .
详解:其中create所跟的宾语选择较广; bring about一般指大规模地产生某种结果; generate在IELTS作文中后面经常会跟government revenue(政府收入)或
employment opportunities (就业机会) ;cause, breed与engender的后面跟负面结 果较为常见，比如cause pain/anxiety, breed conflict(冲突)，engender
controversy(争论)等;spawn后面一般跟新生事物，比如inventions或者innovations(创新);而induce则一般加抽象的心理结果，比如stress或者discomfort(身体不适)等
5、A is a key determinant of B A是B的决定因素
例句: In an individual's career, tenacity (毅力) is a key determinant of success. 详解:类似的意思也可以用动词形式A determines B表达，来实现句型多样化
6、are , by nature ,+形容词 天生就??
例句: Children are，by nature，underdeveloped，morally, emotionally as well as physically.
详解:这个句型的好处是使用了句中短语，能让枯燥的长句子变得更有亲和力。近义句型: are naturally + 形容词
7、it is standard practice for someone to do sth. 某人通常会怎样做某事
例句: At present, it is not standard practice for scientists to release (发布) their data or research models, which may lead to research that is detrimental (有害的) to human beings.
详解:近义句型:It is not uncommon for someone to do sth.注意这是双重否定，意思 即为“某人通常会做某事”
8、A is best characterised by... A最重要的特质是??
例句:Excellent journalists are best characterised by self-discipline(自制力)， Determination (决心) and insights (洞察力) .
详解:近义句型:The most important distinguishing feature of… is…
9、Given the choice,… 如果可以选择的话，??
例句:Given the choice, most adults would find human friends preferable to pets. 详解:请注意Given the choice后面的主语一般是人或者机构，be preferable to ..是一 个固定短语，比??更值得拥有的意思，preferable的前面通常不必加more
10、someone would be well-advised to do sth. (= should) 某人应该做某事
例句:Parents would be well-advised to spend more time with their offspring. 详解:请注意这句话中的offspring“后代”一词的复数形式不变，仍为offspring..., and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this看起来有足够的研究 证明这个观点
11、?，and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this 看起来有足够的研究证明这个观点
例句: Teaching students in groups helps them to grow into social，responsible individuals，and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this. (剑桥例句)
详解:近义句型:Research has provided hard(站得住脚的)evidence to confirm that/ From our own experience，we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that.. (剑桥范文句型)
反义句型:There is little evidence to confirm that…
12、in all likelihood 很可能
例句: In all likelihood，these decisions would be made by government officials who tend to have wrong understanding of the problems.
详解:使用这个句型的好处是:(1)让论证听起来不至于过分地绝对，毕竟雅思议论文不是科学研究报告，所以即使剑4--剑7中的剑桥考官范文里也经常出现perhaps, may, possibly, probably, in some cases这类用来适当弱化语气的词;(2)在句首或者句中引入这个小短语后让长句子显得更为灵活多样。
13、his trend is not restricted to… 这个现象并不仅限于??
例句:This trend is not restricted to wealthy students who have the money to do this, but is also evident (明显的) among poorer students. 详解:反义句型..is limited / confined to…某现象仅限于??
14、tend to…多半??(这是在雅思写作和口语里代替被使用过滥的most of的好句型) 例句:(1 ) Youngsters tend to be more impulsive (冲动的) and more likely to go astray (误入歧途) socially. (2)These are electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent (剑桥例句).
详解:近义句型: are likely to ../ are inclined to../ have the tendency to/ and... is
no exception (也不是例外) 反义副词：…rarely…
15、hinge on取决于??
例句: Success of such efforts hinges on contribution from the authorities.
详解:这个词组在意思上接近depend on / reply on，但在语气上更坚决，带有.“舍我其谁”的排它性
16、A reflect B体现，反映
例句: Feelings about one's job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole. (剑7例句)
详解:近义句型: A is indicative of B
反义句型: A is irrelevant to B A与B完全无关
17、The proportion of... is very high?? 的比例非常高。
例句:The proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. (剑7例句) 详解:近似的意思在同一篇文章中也可以用The majority of…二来替换，以实现句式多样化
18、in this respect / regard 在这方面
例句:Positive feedback from superiors (主管) is very important in this respect.(剑7例句)
详解:这个词组可以用来替换国内考生一直使用过多的in this aspect
19、is a frequent topic of discussion 是一再引起辩论的话题
例句:The comparative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion.(剑7例句)
详解:近义句型: is a much--debated issue
解决类(用来论证solution解决方案)
1、give priority to sth. 把??放在优先位置
例句:The government should give priority to the optimization (优化) of its financial resources.
详解:近义句型: Of crucial importance to someone is sth.请注意这是一个倒装句型，可以用来提高文章的句式多样
2、dedicate money / time / energy to..把(金钱/时间/精力等)花在??上
例句:The government should dedicate itself to protecting the rights of the old, the sick and the homeless. 详解:近义句型: commit ... to
3、be vulnerable to容易成为??的受害者
例句:Without proper parental guidance, children would be vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content (内容) of those TV shows. 详解:近义句型:be likely to fall prey to
反义句型:be immune to?免于遭受??的伤害
4、sth. should be condemned rather than condoned某事应该被谴责而不是被宽恕 例句:Indiscriminate (盲目的) copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned rather than condoned.
详解:反义句型: let... go unchecked对(某种坏行为)放任不管
5、it is imperative/ essential that...(或者sth. is of paramount/ overriding impor- tance )至关重要
例句:To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture promptly (及时的).
详解:反义句型:sth.is no longer a necessity 某事已经不再必要
6、sth… requires…需要??(今后作文里如果主语是人可以用need，如果主语是事 物就可以用这个句型表示“需要”)
例句:Any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required. (剑7例句) 详解:近义句型:sth. necessitates/calls for
7、distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
例句:Many youngsters lack the capacity (能力) to distinguish between right and wrong .
详解:近义句型: differentiate A from B
8、take…into account 把??纳入考虑
例句:The circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. (剑7例句)
详解:近义句型: take... into consideration 反义句型: overlook sth. 忽视某事
9、is an important element of… 是?的重要因素
例句: Job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. (剑7例句) 详解:近义句型: play a valuable role in...
10、are not mutually exclusive (两者) 并不相互排斥
例句:Good training and natural talent are not mutually exclusive. (剑7例句) 详解:反义句型:are incompatible with each other 相互排斥