mail, 51 relatives to doctors’ appointments. So I look at this picture, and I see the 52 . I also see something 53 ordinary. I see girls who giggle and whisper. They do cartwheels(侧翻筋斗) on the 54 and take selfies with their smart phones. I look at the picture, and I see girls who are indescribably 55 to be here, and that makes me also grateful to be American. What do you see?
36. A. turning B. rolling C. spilling D. flowing 37. A. cartoon B. quote C. chart D. photograph 38. A. pictured B. described C. illustrated D. shown 39. A. so that B. in that C. even if D. in case 40. A. anticipated B. indicated C. demanded D. suggested 41. A. shared B. worn C. distributed D. kept 42. A. worked B. studied C. remained D. resettled 43. A. experiment B. design C. program D. system 44. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 45. A. exploded B. fled C. detected D. discovered 46. A. teachers B. relatives C. boyfriends D. families 47. A. go through B. go by C. go ahead D. go around 48. A. adjust B. apply C. react D. respond 49. A. taking over B. taking on C. taking to D. taking up 50. A. minding B. reminding C. punishing D. teasing 51. A. sending B. conveying C. assisting D. accompanying 52. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. miserable D. unexplained 53. A. happily B. sadly C. surprisingly D. hopefully 54. A. crossroads B. street C. lawn D. spot 55. A. confident B. content C. excited D. grateful 第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Australian British Canadian Other EU USA Passports: United Kingdom Visa and Passport Requirements Passport required Return ticket required Visa required Yes No No N/A N/A N/A Yes No No 1 No No Yes No No To enter the United Kingdom, a passport valid for the duration of stay is required by all nationals referred to in the chart above, except (1) EU nationals holding a valid national ID card. Visas: Visas for the United Kingdom are not required by nationals referred to in the chart above for stays of up to six months. Types and cost: Standard Visitor visa: ￡87; long-term visit visa: ￡330 (two years); ￡600 (five years); ￡752 (10 years). Transit: Some nationals (but not those listed above) require a transit visa. The Direct Airside Transit visa costs ￡32 and allows you to change flights in the UK, but you must not pass through immigration control and must leave within 24 hours. The Visitor in Transit visa costs ￡59 and allows you to go through border control, but you must leave the UK within 48 hours. Long-term transit visas are available to frequent travelers. Working days: The length of time taken to process visa applications depends on the nationality of the applicant and the country where you're applying. Generally, you can expect a decision within three weeks. 56. According to the requirements, visitors who apply the UK visa and passport _______. A. have to possess the EU membership and hold return tickets B. must apply visas for the UK for stays within six months C. are asked to require a transit visa and leave with 48 hours D. can usually receive a definite reply within three weeks
57. If a Chinese goes to the UK for a one-day business conference, how much will he pay for visas at least? A. ￡32 B. ￡59 C. ￡87 D. ￡146
B
Most Cancer Is Out of Our Control
LIFESTYLE OR BAD LUCK? IT DEPENDS ON THE CANCER
BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA
The most common skin cancer is triggered by exposure to UV rays. LUNG
Smoking, and the carcinogens in tobacco smoke, are the main drivers of lung cancer.
LIVER
Risk of this cancer
increases with age and heavy alcohol use.
We think we know what causes cancer: smoking, the sun’s UV rays, tumor-causing genes we inherit from Mom and Dad. But these factors alone can’t explain why cancer in its many forms is poised to edge out heart disease as America’s No.1 killer within the next few years. That rise has sparked a spate of research into how much of cancer is within our control and how much of it is simply a roll of the genetic dice.
Now, in an eye-opening study published in Science, researchers report that the majority of cancer types are the result of pure chance, the product of random genetic mutations(突变) that occur when stem cells—which keep the body chugging along, replacing older cells as they die
off—make mistakes copying the cells’ DNA.
Cristian Tomasetti at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that the more stem cells there are in certain kinds of tissues and the more often they divide, the more likely that tissue is to develop cancer over a person’s lifetime. About 65% of cancers are the result of these DNA mistakes made by stem cells.
Only a small proportion of a tissue’s cells are stem cells, which are essentially templates(范本) for making more tissue. The catch is that this kind of DNA copying is also the process behind cancer, which is triggered by cells that pick up mutations in their genes when they divide.
The element of chance does not, however, mean you should stop wearing sunscreen or take up smoking.“My biggest fear is that people will do nothing. The opposite is true,” says Tomasetti, who stresses that while we may not be able to prevent all tumors, we can focus on early detection and taking advantage of lifesaving treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, among other things. “We need to do everything we did before, but we want to do it even more than before.” 58. Most of the cancer types are caused by ________. A. bad lifestyle B. genetic mutations C. stem cells D. aging tissues 59. According to Tomasetti, ________.
A. chances of cancer increase with more stem cells dividing B. stem cells are essentially templates for making more tissue C. People should stop wearing sunscreen or take up smoking D. all tumors can be prevented through detection and radiation 60. The passage is meant to ________. A. persuade B. inform C. comment D. research
C
Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when
someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other people present, someone else will have surely already called for help.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action. 61. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A. empathy for another individual B. instant benefits of helping others C. parental influences in the early life D. the desire to better one’s self-image
62. What does the underlined word “distress” in the fourth paragraph mean? A. peace B. despair C. comfort D. trouble 63. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?
A. When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn’t take action. B. Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help. C. A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there. D. On the scene of your colleague’s traffic accident, you called the police for help 64. After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ________. A. possible benefits of prosocial behavior B. various reasons for prosocial behavior
C. situational influences on prosocial behavior D. skills and knowledge to provide assistance
D
She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise？She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food；she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at the stores.
But in her new home, in a distant unknown country, it would not be like that. Then she would be married — she, Eveline. People would treat her with respect then. She would not be treated as her mother had been. Even now, though she was over nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father's violence. She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations. When they were growing up he had never gone for her like he used to go for Harry and Ernest, because she was a girl and latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake. And now she had nobody to protect her. Ernest was dead and Harry, who was in the church decorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country. She always gave her entire wages and Harry always sent up what he could but the trouble was to get any money from her father.
She was about to explore another life with Frank. Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos
Ayres where he had a home waiting for her. How well she remembered the first time she had seen him；He used to meet her outside the Stores every evening and see her home. People knew that they were courting. Of course, her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him.
The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. One was to Harry；the other was to her father. Ernest had been her favourite but she liked Harry too. Her father was becoming old lately, she noticed；he would miss her. Sometimes he could be very nice. Not long before, when she had been laid up for a day, he had read her out a ghost story and made toast for her at the fire. Another day, when their mother was alive, they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth. She remembered her father putting on her mothers bonnet to make the children laugh.
Her time was running out but she continued to sit by the window. Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing. She knew the air. Strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could.
As she mused (沉思), the pitiful vision of her mother’s life laid its spell on the bottom of her heart. She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror. Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too.
She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall. He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her, saying something about the passage over and over again. She answered nothing. She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze of distress, she prayed to God to direct her, to show her what was her duty. The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. If she went, tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank, steaming towards Buenos Ayres. Their passage had been booked. Could she still draw back after all he had done for her？Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer. A bell clanged upon her heart. She felt him seize her hand： “Come! Come!”
No! No! No! It was impossible. Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish.
“Eveline! Evvy!”
He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to follow. He was shouted at to go on but he still called to her. She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.
65. Which of the following is true of Eveline’s life? A. She fell in love with Frank.
B. Her life was wholly undesirable.
C. She was respected by the local people. D. She enjoyed a equal status in the family.
66. Which words can best describe the characters of Eveline’s father? A. Stubborn, tricky and coldblooded. B. Violent, mean, and prejudiced. C. Shameless, cruel and unsympathetic. D. Strict, greedy and narrow-minded. 67. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Eveline and her father’s relationship was not always bad. B. Eveline was still mourning her mother’s and brother’s death. C. Eveline and Frank’s love got support from her brother Henry.