2016年职称英语复习要点(3)

2019-01-12 10:20

看守)television(电视) coverage(报道)of the police hunt for (搜寻)him.“I cannot believe that?s me,”Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said,“I think you should turn yourself in. If you don?t, lots more people are going to get hurt.” 49.D.D 中的she与空格后句中的she呼应, D中的breakfast 与空格后句中的breakfast呼应。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(单身的) mother with a daughter(女儿). C Smith tried very hard(努力地) to kill(杀死) Nichols. F Then she called the police(警方).

Eventually(最后), he let her go. __(50)___. A US $60,000 reward(奖金)had been posted(宣布) for Nichols? capture(捕获). Authorities(权威人士, 权威机构) said they did not yet(还) know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money. 50.F.空格前句与F在句意上自然衔接。 提示:

如果被选项中出现了标志事件发展顺序的副词(如:then, and, eventually, finally, in the end), 则该选项成为答案的可能性较大。

四、概括大意与完成句子

How did English Become a Global Language

1.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive,short book “English has a Global language.”

2. It is certainly quite a theme. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2,000 years ago, English did not exist. Five hundred years later, English, virtually incomprehensible to modern ears, was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee, the

language of a small North American Indian tribe-and with little influence. About 1,000 years later, at the end of the 16th century, and after the Norman Conquest, the Reformation and the arrival of commercial printing technology, English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people. And yet now look at it. As the second millennium approaches, English is more widely scattered, more widely spoken and written than any other language has never been. In the title of the book, it has become a truly global language. According to David Crystal, about 2.09 billion people, well over one-third of the world s population are routinely exposed to it.

3. As he rightly points out, what is impressive about this staggering figure is: “not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken place since the 1950 s. In 1950, the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible. Fifty years on and the case is virtually won. ” 4. So what happened?

5. Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy. In other words, when the British navy set out to conquer the world, is set out an “army” of English speakers. As the British empire spread throughout the world, English became the basis of law, commerce and education. The British empire was succeed by another(the American), which shared virtually the same linguistic heritage. American English, which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language, has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40, let alone 400 years ago. 6 The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach, notably the influence of broadcasting, press, advertising, popular music and film. He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcer of American cultural and linguistic dominance.

7. One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the League of Nations, and later the Untied Nations, in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars.

8. What does the future hold? To this question, Crystal proposes the recognition of a new form of English-WSSE(world standard Spoken English)-which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible language as Latin once did. “English, in some shape or form, will find itself in the service of the world community forever,” Crystal writes. 1. Paragraph 2____ 2. Paragraph 3____ 3. Paragraph 5____ 4. Paragraph 6____ A The figure of English

B The speed of the spread of English C The role played by culture and the net D The role played by military expansion E The role played by education F The 2,000 years of English

5. The kind of English spoken 1,500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today____.

6. What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers of English found all

over the world, ____ the language has spread in the past half century or so.

7. The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contributions____.

8. Crystal expresses the belief that in the future ____ will not happen to English. A because of their similarity

B that we would not be able to understand it at all C to the popularization of English as a world language D the trend to become a global language E what once happened to Latin F but the speed with which

Keys: FBDCB FCE

五、阅读判断

Will Hillary Be the Next American President?

Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.”

Today, not too far off Nixon?s deadline, America is looking at that possibility. Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.

US polls indicate that Americans feel comfortable with a female president. A New York Times survey found nearly all Americans saying they would vote for president if she were qualified.

However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quite different from voting an actual woman. In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a woman in the top position.

This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.

“There?s still an inherent nervousness on the part of voters putting a woman in as the ultimate decision-maker. Control of the army and border security are sorts of traditionally male jobs,”commented Amy Walter,an American campaign analyst.“That?s where I think voters consciously or unconsciously have difficulties with women candidates.”

Women have held the top job in other major Western countries. In 1979, Britain elected Margaret Thatcher prime minister. Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.

In the US, no woman has succeeded in being nominated as a presidential candidate.One woman did make the attempt: Elizabeth Dole. In 1999,she tried to get the Republican Party nomination. But Dole could only raise $ 5 million for her bid-compared with the $ 56 million George W.Bush raised.

So Barriers lie ahead for Hillary if she wants to make history by becoming the first female US president. With the Iraqi war underway, she?ll find it even harder.

“I don?t feel that our society is ready for a woman president. The enemy we face does not respect females the same way we have come to see them as equals. If we were not in this war,I would support a woman president,”said Chris Dildy, a computer engineering student. 1.Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.One of Hillary?s campaign promises is to reform the nation?s health care system. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.Germans elected a woman chancellor last year. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.Hillary has already raised a large anount of campaign fund. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 7.Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案与解析:

1.分析文章标题:Will Hillary(希拉里) Be the Next(下一个的) American President(总统)? 2.直接解题:

1.Up to the present(至今) , no woman has been elected(曾经被选为)president(总统) in the US.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

1.A. 问题句说“迄今为止在美国没有一个女人曾经被选举为总统”。关注文章开头部分的句子,利用问题句中的细节信息词women(女人)和up to the present作为答案线索,在文章中找到答案相关句:(第1段)Back(向后地) in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently(充满自信地) predicted(预言): “In the next(下一个)50 years, we shall see (看见)a woman president(总统), perhaps(可能) sooner than you think. ”该句说“1969年, 美国总统Richard Nixon 很有信心地预测: ?在下一个50年里, 我们将会看见一个女总统,这或许比你想象的更快些?” 。根据该句内容可以推断出在1969年以前美国没有出现过女总统, 而人们期望从1969年到2019年期间美国会出现女总统。 但根据该句内容无法判断出从1969年到2019年期间美国是否出现了女总统, 因此接着关注答案相关句周边的句子。 文章接下来的句子(第2段)说“Today,not too far (太远)off(离开,距离) Nixon?s deadline(最终期限), America is looking at (正在关注)that possibility(可能性). ”该句说“今天距离Nixon总统给出的最终期限已经不远了,美国人现在正关注这可能性”。相邻语句句意相关, 显然, 定冠词结构“the possibility”指答案相关句中提到的“可能出现美国女总统”。从该句中可以推断出“从1969年到现在为止, 美国还没有出现女总统”。因此问题句提供了正确信息。 考点:指示代词结构指代的内容(that possibility)+ 推断能力

2.Bill Clinton will strongly(强有力地,坚固地) support(支持) Hillary to run for (竞选)the 2008 presidency(任期, 总统职位). A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.C. 问题句说“Bill Clinton将强力支持Hillary参加2008年总统选举”。 该题为细节题。利用问题句中的特征词Bill Clinton和2008 presidency 作为答案线索, 在文章中查找到答案相关句:(第2段第2句) Over(在...期间) the weekend(周末), Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife(妻子) of former(以前的) president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布) her run for (竞选)2008 presidency.该句只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子, 而文章的其部分没有再提到Bill Clinton, 由此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。 考点:细节信息的查找和确认

3.American(美国的) people will elect(选举,选择) a woman president of the United States in 2008.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.B. 问题句说“美国人民在2008年将选一位女总统”。 该题为细节题。利用问题句中的特征信息2008作为答案线索,在文章中找到答案相关句:(第2段第2句)Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布) her run for (竞选)2008 presidency.该句只是提到Hillary宣布她要竞选2008年的总统职位。显然该句内容与问题句内容不相关,因此接着关注答案相关句周边的句子。 文章接下来的句子(第4段)说:However(然而), accepting(接受, 认可) the theoretical(理论的) notion(概念, 观念) of a female(女性的) leader(领导者)is quite(十分, 完全) different from (与...不同)voting(投票选举) an actual(实际的, 真正的) woman. In fact(实事上), there is (有)still(仍然) widespread (普遍的)distrust(不信任) of a woman in the top (顶部的;最高的)position(职位,位置). 该句说“接受女总统这个概念不等同于同意投票选举出一位女总统。 事实上, 人们仍然普遍不相信女人能胜任领袖的职位”。 由此可见问题句提供的信息错误。 考点:推断能力。

4.One of (...之一)Hillary?s campaign (竞选运动)promises(承诺) is to reform(改革) the nation?s health care system(医疗保健制度). A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.C. 问题句说“Hillary的一个竞选承诺是改革国家的医疗制度。”该题为细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息health care system(医疗保健制度)作为答案线索, 在文章中找到答案相关句(第5段第1句):This is partly(部分地) due to (因为)the biased(偏见的) thinking(思想) that women are weak(软弱的, 虚弱的) on national security(国家安全), though(尽管) they might be strong(强大的) on education(教育) and health care(医疗保健).该句只是说“女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势”, 但没有说Hillary的一个竞选承诺式改革国家的医疗制度,因此问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。 考点:细节信息的查找和确认

5.Germans(德国人) elected(选择) a woman chancellor(总理, 大臣) last year(去年). A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.A.问题句说“德国去年选了一个女总理”,利用问题句中的特征词Germans和细节信息词woman chancellor作为答案线索, 在文章中找到答案相关句:Last years, Germany made(使成为) Angela Merkel its first female chancellor. 该句说“去年, 德国选举了Angela Merkel为德国第一位女总理”, 因此问题句提供了正确信息。 考点:多义词词义的确认。

6.Hillary has already raised(已经募集了) a large amount of (大量的)campaign fund(资金). A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.C. 问题句说“Hillary 已经筹集到了一大笔竞选款”, 利用问题句中的细节信息campaign fund(竞选款)作为答案线索, 结果发现该词以及与改词词义相近的词语均没有在文章中出现,因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。 考点:细节信息的查找和确认

7.Chris Dildy will vote for(投票支持) Hillary. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.B. 问题句说“Chris Dildy 要投Hillary的票”。 利用问题句中的特征词Chris Dildy作为答案线索, 在文章中找到答案相关句(文章最后一句):“If we were not in this war, I would support(支持) a woman president”, said Chris Dildy, a computer(计算机) engineering (工


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