主要题型：对立观点，给定观点，问题解决，数字图表，书信应用， 题干的第一句是背景句，第二句用于判断题目类型
A good paragraph should be: well-connected, clear, economical (use the fewest words to say the most), tight (don’t use mass of ‘ands’ ‘buts’ ‘ors’ ect.)
※：grateful be pleasant to read. Topic =exploration +example
段落的三个要素：框架结构——信息的轻重，语意表达——语意的上下，语法运用——语法的统一 主题句：
Sth can produce positive effects on …in more than one way. Sth may bring about some negative impacts on … 总体信息好细节信息不可合并，改用句号 功能句：
First way /first of all /first ,sth will make it possible for sb to do sth. Further more /secondly /beside sth will enable sb to do sth.
What’s more /in addition sth will provide sb with more chance to do sth.,which
知识角度：
KNOWLEDGE: Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched and our horizons will be greatly broadened. SKILL: ○1make it possible for sb to do sth. ○2enable sb to do ○3provide sb with more chance to do sth ○4sth contribute directly to sb’s (K/S/E) accumulation /enrichment by doing…
正确且有意义的：which may put them in a favorable poses the job /will benefit them a lot in the future Experience that they will never be able to get from the text book
写作常用角度： 生活角度 ○1…can brighten up our lives immensely ○2…sth will make our life live more enjoyable and pleasant ○3…can add color to the dull routine of everyday life ○4so ,for the majority of sb.(对大多数人来说) doing sth has become the source of their happiness and contentment（使。。。成为了他们生活快乐及内心满足的来源） 时间角度 ○1It provides relation for leisure hour ○2Collecting ,by occupying sb’s spare time so constructively (建设性的) make a person contented ,with no time for boredom
万能理由之坏处
Sth takes up limited precious children’s time which can otherwise be used for more valuable activities such as sports or homework. Therefore, results in poor academic performance and self-humiliation . 时间角度的好与坏
What’s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.（而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。） 压力（社会、校园）
Sb Under considerable pressure from sth therefore sth (n./doing)will only add to sb’s burden. 钱、精力
Sth (n. /doing) calls for money and energy, both of which are not affordable for sb. 环境污染或不健康内容
Pollution poses a great threat to（对。。。生存造成巨大威胁） our existence. Some of the?are poisonous and dangerous to health、
对立观点型：四段
起：论证提纲 摆问题，改题目，综述观点 承：好处 4句话，1总3分 转：坏处 2~3句，1总，1~2分
合：总结 先收一句，陈述观点，总结观点，总结 Paragraph1
No.1 背景句——标题中试陈述句，不加whether or not
Recently the issue of (whether or not) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public (近来，是否。。。的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注) Sth has attracted extensive attention of the society.
Nowadays ,increasingly more argumentations about …can be found in TV programs ,newspapers ,even university classes. No.2 改写题目——改写第二个提纲，第一段综述，起承转合 “花开两朵”句型：Most of us ，however，have formed a difference picture of life on our future job(主题)，some people think they are beneficial which others hold the opposite view. No.3 评论
And we rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
Paragraph2 No.1 ○1Some people take the attitude that ?can produce positive effects on us in more than one way. ○2Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. No.2 First of all, sth will make it possible for us to…
No.3 Furthermore, sth will enable us to? which may put us in a favorable position in the future. No.4 What’s more, sth will also provide us with more chances to? Paragraph 3
No.1 过渡句The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. No.2 ○1Others harbor the idea that, …may bring about negative impacts on us. ○2Those who strongly disapprove of ... have cogent reasons for it./have their own reason for it. No.3 For one thing ,… No.4 For another,…
Granted, advertising may carry some drawbacks. Paragraph 4
处理方式1，发表倾向
No.1 Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures. No.2 ○1From my own perspective, I am inclined to be on the side of the former view. 在我看来，我较同意前一种观点。 ○2After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the former view. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持前一种看法 ——呐喊句型作结语
No.3 One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. 处理方式2，趋利避害 No.1 ○1We should，therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.
What we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent.
From my own opinion ,sth. has do play a positive role in the development of people’s life ,despite a slice of un favorable. ○2In the final analysis, I concede that advertising does not come without some banes. However, the pros of advertising far outweigh its cons. On balance, I am convinced that what we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent.(平衡两种观点)
问题解决型
drunken driving
Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted.
Generally speaking, there are several reasons accounting for /behind this phenomenon. First of all… Further more…The majority of individuals or still (poorly-informed 知道不多的，uninformed 不知道，misinformed 被误导) about the baneful influence that sth exert on.
Sth is bound to generate severe consequence if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First and for the most….besides…. This behavies will already threaten…
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. Given the severity of the crisis, we have no alternative but to take vigorous(强有力的) measures to address the situation.
Firstly, it is essential that the supervisory role of laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those performing drunken driving.
Secondly, the public, especially drivers, should enhance their awareness of public safety.
In the first place, we must do our utmost to enhance people’s awareness of how baneful non-biodegradable trash can be to our environment and our descendants.
In the secondly place, the government and the technologists should spare no effort in advocating the use of environmental-friendly containers.
With stringent laws and alert public, it will only a matter of time for drunken driving to become things of past.
How to Manage Stress：Causes:
1. You may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness. 2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercer and everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourish in their education, vocation, and personal relationships.
给定观点型——一种观点或看法
开头：Recently the issue of (whether ?or not) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that?can produce positive effects on us in more than one way. The situation is encouraging. (their reasons are as below)
结尾：同意：From my own perspective, part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
反对：From my own perspective, I hold the opposite view on the same case. ?. can really produce positive effects on the society and the people.
For one thing, ?..For another…/Therefore, ?.should be encouraged to ?.which will benefit the people even the society as a whole.
十个万能理由：（二段阐述的10个方面）
1．物质回报：It（the 30’s of reforming and opening up in China ） can provide people with delicious food, fashionable clothes, comfortable dwellings and handsome automobiles. So more and more people are beginning to pay attention to their spiritual life.Make money, obtain wealth, profit from, benefit from.
2．节约时间：It save time; take up much (little) time; occupy little time; It can make the most of one’s time, 浪费时间：It wastes hours; lavishes days; squanders years; fritters away time; idles away one’s time; kills time; murders time.
3．效率：It extends one’s learning hours, makes people weary of other important things, discourages him to learn more, and finally lose their interest to learn, and lead to low grades. One’s energy gradually wears off.
4．方便快捷：World Wide Web provides people with up-to-date, concrete and accurate and vivid information.
MSN and electronic mailbox can shrink the distance between towns and cities; smooth the communication between residents and get rid of the barrier between people.
5．安全：He can secure his food and shelter. It can improve one’s living standards and make an easy and comfortable life.表现：It can shield(保护) people from various kinds of hazards ranging from injury, robbery, assaults to traffic accidents. 6．身心健康： It can relieve people’s pressure, anxiety, depression, stress, isolation and solitude.
People can keep fit physically and mentally. By taking part in a variety of sport activities, people stay healthy, and therefore prevent heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes or fattiness.
It can lessen people’s stress, pressure and tension. It cultivates an optimistic view toward the world,
7．娱乐方式：It’s a major means of entertainment that relieve one’s pressure, boredom and stress, burden.表现：People go to amusement parks to relax themselves; they go to the seaside to enjoy sunshine or fresh air; they try sea food; they visit places of interests in order to contact a different culture; 收益：broaden one’s mind; enrich one’s experience; enhance vigor and put more enthusiasm to one’s work.
It is well received as an instructive mode of education that provides people with not only a bulk of information, but a source of imagination as well.
In a less rigid（严格的） manner, it can enhance people’s understanding on a subject, improve people’s learning capacity and skills, or create a vigorous atmosphere.
It provides a variety of leisure activities that enhance your energy, enthusiasm and charm. It adds a special means of entertainment to your seemingly tedious, routine and monotonous life.
People can communicate with each others through dinners, parties, or excursion.
8．有利于他人：People can obtain financial aids, material support, mental comfort, or spiritual from your support.
They can draw on experience from you. Through your speeches, instructions or assistance, they can broaden their minds, increase their income.
Through your encouragement, they cultivate the spirit of competition, participation and cooperation. It can promote communication between people and rid of barriers between people.
Through your assistance, they can accumulate wealth, establish their career, fit into society, and attain social status. They can feel relaxed, confident, courageous, or optimistic.
People who treats others with love, sincerity, sympathy, enthusiasm, hospitality or generosity always wins respect from others. It cannot replace kinship between people.
9．成功：It doesn’t necessarily cultivate talent, confidence, self- worth, self-reliance and dignity. It does not live out the spirit of exploration, innovation, adventure and creation. It is cannot be the sum total of wisdom belonging to a particular ethnic group.
10．文化价值观：It cannot epitomize（概括） a trail of civilization, an element of traditional heritage and a magic blend of traditional elements and modern tendency.
It stifles people’s imagination and cannot always help people form their views.
It cannot help people treat the world with benevolence（仁爱心）, confidence, and tolerance.
Sometimes, it distorts people’s personality and misleads people to attempt something illegal or immoral.
It can sometimes intensify conflicts and tensions between nations. It put harmonious human relationship in danger. It cannot promote mutual understanding , breach （enhance和前面是反义） the friendly ties, and widen（shorten和前面是反义） the gap between people.