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What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? (必背)
2. There be 句型
表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组) There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table
There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组) There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is there a book in this room? Are there two pens on the table? ★变否定句在动词后面加not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. ★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not. 三.问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句 2 一般疑问句: 助动词/be动词+主语
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Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 2 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What is your name? 2 选择疑问句: or
Do you want beef or lamb?
2 反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分 You don’t need that pen, do you? 2 否定疑问句: 一般疑问句+否定词
Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest? 四.冠词用法:a/an/the的一般用法( 详细见笔记) 五.限定词:some, any, many, much
2 some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
2 many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.
I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money. 六.名词:种类,复数,名词所有格 1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 2不可数名词
无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米) 抽象的东西:love, beauty, coldness(寒冷) 不可数名词有以下特点: l. 不能用a, an修饰 2. 不能加s
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3.和单数be动词或动词搭配 2 可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化: 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells book→books 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches 规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radio→radios 规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies 不规则变化的名词复数形式 单数 复数 单数 复数 man men child woman women sheep foot feet deer deer goose geese mouse mice tooth teeth fish fish children sheep 七.介词( 注意总结书上词组) 八.副词:用法及形容词变副词的变化
u 副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如: The book is very good. He runs fast.
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She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. u 变化:
1.直接在形容词后加-ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly,
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily
3.有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late
4.有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远: neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九.情态动词的使用:can, must, may, might, need, 1.情态动词can(能够), must(必须), may(可以) 结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型 He can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. ★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首 Can he make the tea? Can Sally air the room? Can we speak English?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not He cannot make the tea.
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Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot. ★特殊疑问句: What can you do? (必背)
注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。 2.Must/have to的区别
must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态 3.must, may, might表示猜测: must do 表示对现在事实的猜测 must have done表示对过去事实的猜测
must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。 can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能 4.need 用法:
表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式: I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don’t. I need to have a rest.
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