保安，保镖 security staff, security guard, body guard 名片 business card 粉丝 fans
发廊 hair salon 跳槽 job-hopping
红包 convert payment; （neutral）red paper containing money as a gift, (derogative) bribe, kickback 八卦 gossip
婚纱照 wedding photo
走穴 \singers, etc.) perform for outside salary/income without approval by the unit they belong to \VCD （video compact disk） 晒工资 wages online exposure 非典型肺炎、非典、沙士 SARS
改革开放30年经典热词（社会类） 蛤蟆镜 goggles
交谊舞 ballroom dancing
喇叭裤 bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers 大哥大 GSM mobile telephone BP机（寻呼机） Beep Pager
万元户 ten- thousand-yuan household
五好家庭 Five Virtues Family (outstanding in such five aspects as law-abiding, diligent study, family planning, domestic harmony, and industrious and thrifty management of the household) 呼拉圈 hula hoop
彩电 colored television set 倒爷 profiteer; wheeler-dealer 面的 taxi
下海 go into business 下岗 get laid off
下岗再就业 re-employment of laid-off workers 黄金周 golden week 农民工 migrant worker
房奴 mortgage slave (Mortgage slave is adopted to describe those people whose mortgage payment is more than half of their monthly salary.)
钉子户 \nail house (a person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project) 黄牛党 ticket scalper 传销 pyramid selling 潜规则 hidden rule
“超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest) 按揭 mortgage
双休日 two-day weekend 炒鱿鱼 get fired 博客 blog
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
改革开放30年经典热词（经济类）
“三农”问题 Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area
A short term for the issues related with agriculture, farmer and rural area. Formally raised by researchers on rural issues in the late 1980s, the issues were regarded as of high importance for the country's economic and social development.
After fixing numerous policies to nurture agriculture, improve the life of farmers and speed the development of rural areas, the central government pointed out during the 2004 Central Economic Work Conference that these issues were \most important of all the important works for the Party\in place in this regard.
两限房 House of \
Houses with lower prices and limited areas specially for families with low or middle income. In May 2006, the State Council required local governments to boost the supply of houses at low and middle prices to ensure the families of modest income could afford them. Specific guidelines about the qualifications and the details of the property transfer are set by local governments.
Houses of \than the market price. In Beijing, families with an annul income under 88,000 yuan and a per capita dwelling space under 15 square meters are eligible to apply for houses of \
农村税费改革 Rural Tax and Fee Reform
A reform in rural areas to ease the financial burden on farmers. In 2000, a pilot program was started in Anhui province under which the agricultural tax rate was cut, other agriculture-related taxes and fees were either written off or merged. The central government subsidized local governments through transfer payments to balance their reduced revenue.
The pilot program was soon extended to other regions and the agricultural tax was totally done away with in 2006 throughout the country, marking the completion of this reform. Now farmers do not pay any tax except those growing tobacco.
“三沿”地区开放 Opening-up of seashore, river shore and border areas A policy to open the areas along the coast, along the major inland rivers and those on the country's borderline to foreign investors and stimulate the economic development with their geographic advantages. Since China launched the opening-up policy in the late 1970s, it chose four cities in southeast coastal areas and established special economic zones as a pilot program. In 1984, 14 port cities along the coastline were opened to foreign investors and businesses. The Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta were opened up in 1985. And four cities on the country's northern borderline followed suit in 1990.
Based on the experiences from the special economic zones, this policy is an important step in spreading the opening-up strategy across the country.
农村土地承包制 Rural Land Contract System
A fundamental economic system in rural areas guaranteeing farmers' rights to land owned by the collectives and the State by signing long-term contracts. Since the household responsibility system became an accepted form of agricultural land tenure in the early 1980s, the State formally approved farmers' rights to rural land in 1986 by stipulating all farmers have the right to undertake rural land contracts based upon families in the General Principles of the Civil Law. In 2002, a specific law governing rural land contract granted farmers inheritance rights to their land and the ability to exchange land with one another, to sub-rent, to pool land and to mortgage it for credit. The land contract has an extendable term of
at least 30 years and cannot be suspended without bilateral agreements.
抓大放小 Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones
A strategy for reforming the State-owned enterprises stressing that the major enterprises in key sectors should be supported to gain further development while the smaller ones should compete in the market.
Initiated in the mid-1990s when the country tried to step up the efficiency of State-owned enterprises as a whole, the strategy was formally accepted as a principle for reforming the public-owned economy in 1997. Big public enterprises were encouraged to develop into groups or establish partnership with each other. Smaller public enterprises were reformed flexibly through market-oriented means, like becoming shareholding businesses, acquisition and merger and contracting managing rights to individuals.
经济适用房 Economical Housing
Housing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable shelters. Starting in 1998, the central government decided to offer favorable policies to housing developers so that they could build apartments of specified sizes and prices. Families with living floor space or income under given standards could apply for purchasing the apartments at prices much lower than the market prices. Eligibility standards for purchasing economical housing are set by provincial authorities according to local situations. Economical housing is subject to special clauses for trading in market, which discourage profiting from the property. It is an integrated part of the State efforts to shelter groups with limited financial resources.
三资企业 Foreign-funded enterprises
A term for three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures in China, which include Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses, and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises. As an economic entity responsible for their own profits and losses, these enterprises are set up within China after being approved by relevant State departments and are run in accordance with China's laws. Since reform and opening-up in 1978, these enterprises have played an important role in helping the
country absorb foreign investment, introduce foreign advanced technologies and management know-how, as well as expand export. 铁饭碗 Iron Rice Bowl
A guaranteed job many Chinese people dreamed of getting during the era of the planned economy. People didn't need to worry about their future once they gained a post usually in government departments and State or collectively run factories. But since the reform and opening-up was adopted in 1978 and the new labor system and the market economy came into being, such a stable employment model, which hindered people's creativity to a large extent, has gradually been shattered. The establishment of the new and competitive employment model has contributed a lot to the country's productivity and its rapid development.
菜篮子工程 Non-Staple Food Project
A State initiative to ensure the supply of vegetables, diary, pork and poultry products other than grains.
In 1988, the Ministry of Agriculture started this project against a background that the country could not produce enough non-grain food with rich diversity. Under the project, agricultural bases were established to boost production and supply, and special markets for agricultural produce were set up. By the mid 1990s, food diversity was improved and a reserve network was established around the country. The project then shifted its focus on food safety and branding.
西部大开发 Western Development
A drive launched by the central government in 2000 to promote social and economic progress in the central and western parts of the country, which are relatively less developed than the rest of the country. By injecting financial aid and offering favorable policies, the State wants to speed up infrastructure construction, industrialization and poverty eradication in these areas. Officials, technicians and other qualified talents have been dispatched from the eastern regions to lend a hand. The campaign covers nearly 400 million people living in Chongqing Municipality, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, the Tibet Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the