Translation Course Report
As an English major student, translator may be taken into our consideration in our perspective of future career. Many allow themselves to learn translation through various approaches which often connected with simply both reading materials and professional knowledge accumulation. The most encourage factor is that translation require continues endeavor and endless strength with which the extra help keep us go forward.
As we all know,a word is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning,but taken individually,words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases,sentences and paragraphs. In other words, words take part in communication and translation, which also ask us for words accumulation, the fundamental element involved in learning process as well as in translation.
English words have also experienced a long history which including profound changes.From ancient English to modern English,there are lot of words already
changed their original meanings. For most of English learners,as well as other people today,reading is an important way of gathering information to enrich our knowledge and enhance our comprehension. Unfortunately, most of us are poor readers who
developed poor reading habits at an early age,and never get over them.What we won't deny is the ability to read and comprehend quickly or not can mean the difference between success and failure,especially in finding jobs or advancing in one.translation requires a different method to understanding the words according to their different cultural, social,political and economic environment.
To an English learner,the comprehension is necessary on the journey to achieve more.So,how to understand words rapidly and correctly in reading is significant to all of us.To keep our learning, we must read extra-curriculum materials as much as we can. Otherwise, translation acquisition acquired through competent comprehension basis on larger number of reading materials and well organization on the understanding that language prove a knit between different cultures.
No matter how many types translation can divide into, the three necessary elements cannot be ignored. A good comment of vocabulary, through understanding of context and pragmatic usage of general knowledge, from which we also acquire that reading, writing and communication are influenced and promoted by each other not only in translation but also in other subjects.
When it comes to this semester, actually from half of this new course, English Chinese Translation, I have experienced many obstacles and several changes, the progress of translation acquisition is no easy, but fortunately a relative reliable system of learning method comes into my mind.
First of all, there are three principles we should keep in mind through out the progress of translation or even a word to sentence. Accurate Comprehension; Adequate Representation; Cultural Respect.
Accurate Comprehension
Before we translate source language into target language, accurate
comprehension is a requisite. We build up our understanding or establish our own
view on the basis of accurate comprehension. A word, phrase, or sentence, each of them is important in translation.
Let have a look at a word which appears in different sentence will stands different meaning.
1.well.
a,)Well begun,half done.In this sentence,\this time,\translate \
The following sentence is opposite to the first example, in which several words have one meaning.
2.In his life time,Xu Xiake,a great traveler in China's Ming Dynasty,toured 16 provinces,leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited,he usually traveled on foot even when carriages and boats were available.He always preferred to venture into mountainous with tough tracks,and into forests seldom visited by human beings.
In this paragraph,\travel.But if we use the same words,it will be boring and won't attract the readers' attention.Although they seemingly bear the same meaning,they are certainly different in both sentence and context.Accordingly,our interpretation about these words must change slightly or strongly.We often told reading between lines,that sentences before and the next.Lexicology provides us an effective way to communicate with author and enjoy the beauty of the words.
Why does this difference happen, the answer exist in context. Context plays an great deal in comprehension. Analysis of the Context of Situation including
Contextual Analysis which refers to Linguistic Context related to Pragmatic Analysis and Semantic Analysis.
Take following sentences for instance. A. Set oneself in a wooden chair 坐在木椅里
A. Accept a university chair 同意在大学里执教
C. Chair the board meeting 主持董事会
D. Condemned to the chair 被处电刑
这里面，名词和动词可以互换，说明英语的语句灵活性较强，翻译时要注重语境的调动。第一个用其本义，即概念意义，第四个用其特殊意义，实际上是本义的转义，可视为一种关联意义；第二个和第三个都属于关联意义。
E. George made great progress at school. 乔治的学习有了很大进步。 F. Let us be great friends. 让我们做好朋友吧。
G. He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker. 他是个臭名昭著的吸血鬼。
H. She has made a reputation for herself through hard work. 她勤奋工作为自己赢得了声誉。
I. Good fortune lieth within bad, bad fortune lurketh within good. 祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。
这组例子说明形容词之间的褒贬，同反，多义与歧义关系。 当然还有一些是约定俗成的，如： Milk the cow挤牛奶 Milk the bull徒劳之举 Out of question不成问题 Out of the question 不可能
People-to people diplomacy民间外交 Win-win talks双赢会谈 E-commerce电子商务 E-government电子政务 Adequate Representation
Adequate representation is the progress of translation which acquire certain approaches to achieve our goals.
加词与减词，换词与移词，分与合，正与反，顺与逆，表与里以及直译与意译。
Addition and Omission
A. The first requisite of a good citizen in this Reputation of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight.
要在我们这个共和国里当一个好公民，第一个必要的条件便是他能够而且愿意尽自己的本分。
B. The further one goes the further behind.南辕北辙，背道而驰。
C. Let me tell you, time is very precious gift of God; so precious that He only give it to us moment by moment. He would not have you waste it.
让我告诉你吧，时间是上帝赐予的极其珍贵的礼物。正因为珍贵，他才一刻一刻地赏赐给我们。他不会让你浪费。
Conversion and Transition 换词不换义，移词不移义。 分与合
The popular reaction to the debt problem particularly in the United States, was try to punish the banks for having lent money to developing countries rather then to neighborhood companies.
一般人对债务问题的反应是试图惩罚这些银行，责怪他们把钱借给了发达国家，而不借给本地的公司。
This novel is of mo great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler. 这部小说，纯属瞎编乱造，没有多大文学价值。
正与反，顺与逆，表与里都是翻译时采用的技巧，theses kills are all set up on the understanding that different cultural encounter and customs and traditions should take into consideration.
Respect Culture
Translation is a more practical and applied course, it poses a threat to every of us
that communication and cultural background learning is necessary. Furthermore, it is also an art of linguistic study. Translation builds an bridge between countries, as well as offers an vehicle connect cultures. Respect not only our own culture, but also other nations customs and traditions. This is what I have giant the most valuable thing during my exploring in translation.