《汽车维修英语》讲义（1）
Unit One Automotive Instrument Panel
1.Text
Vehicle information displaying system is one of the important systems of the automobile. The driver can know whether the cars,especially the various operating parameters of the engine are normal or not in order to take timely measures to prevent the occurrence of physical and mechanical accidents.
Traditional instruments widely use the combination analog displaying instruments, and various measuring instruments are fixed on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat. The instrumentations in different vehicle instrument panels 仪表板are not the same. As is shown in figure 2-1,it is a typical combination car instrument panel.
Figure 2-1 A typical combination car instrument panel
The instruments commonly used include speedometer, engine tachometer,oil pressure gauge, the water temperature gauge, fuel gauge, ammeter, etc. Changes of the monitored object's status are directly shown in most instruments through the sensors.
With the development of automotive electronic technology,multifunctional, high-precision instrument with intuitive readings, which is shown by electronic digital and image, has been used in vehicles continuously.
2.Automaker and Logo(1) Logos of Automakers(1) This is the trademark of an automaker whose name is related to the horse. BMW, always called\宝马\??Motor Works of Germany．Famous for its comfortable and easy riding, BMW has become the dream of more and more people who wish to enjoy the popular automotive culture with ease.
Logos of Automakers(2)
Is this the car you want to own for a long time? Benz, a famous German automobile company, is engaged in making products from high-class sedans to heavy trucks. There are two branches of Benz around the world,the Daimler Benz and Mercedes-Benz.Composed of
a circle and a three-angle star, the trademark of Benz looks like the steering wheel of a car, which represents its relationship with the auto industry. Mean-while, the three-angle star means that the products of Benz cover all the fields from the sky, to the ocean and the earth, and the circle indicates a good developing trend on a global
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market.
3.Abbreviation(1)
ECU、EFI、ECT、ABS、ASR、ABS、EBD、SRS、ESP、PCV
4.Translation Technique (1) Translation Techniques(1)——翻译过程与翻译标准
翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。翻译过程包括理解和表达两个阶段。 理解阶段是要在辨明词义、弄清语法的基础上，结合已经掌握的知识或原理，准确地把握原文含义。理解是翻译的关键，准确、快速理解原文需要有较好的英语基础和汽车专业基础，同时应具备其他相关的专业知识。理解分为两个步骤：通读全文，领略原文大意；确定词义和语法关系。必要时，这两个过程需穿插反复进行。
表达是运用必要的翻译技巧，将英语用规范的汉语体现出原文的内容与含义。表达的过程主要有三个步骤：初译、核对与润色。初译是在理解的基础上，用合乎习惯的汉语表达方式将原文用汉语表达出来。为了确保正确性，应将译文与原文对照，检查有无疏漏或错误。最后还要对译文进行润色，使译文语句精炼、易懂，可能的情况下应适当运用修辞手段，使语言具有美感。
关于翻译的标准，有多种说法，严复先生提出的“信、达、雅”曾是最受推崇的翻译标准。“信”，即忠实原文，忠实原文的内容含义，忠实原文的风格。“达”是指译文应通顺流畅，易于理解。“雅”是风雅，即译文应有韵味和美感。这三个方面在文学翻译中都很重要，但在科技翻译中，更多的人坚持忠实与通顺的翻译原则。
Translation Techniques(2)——词义选择
在英语中一词多类、一词多义的情况极为普遍。在阅读和翻译过程中，如果不能正确判断原文中英语词汇的词类和词义，就不可能正确理解原文句子的含义，更不可能恰当地表达出来。 1．词类的确定
要确定一个英语单词的正确意义，首先要确定它在句中的词类。确定词类常用的方法是看词尾后缀。例如，一般带有后缀-tion，-ness的为名词，带有后缀-ful，-less，-al的为形容词，带有后缀-lze，-en的为动词，带有后缀-ly，-ward的为副词。
另外，可以根据单词在句子中的位置和语法关系，来判断其词类。如control经常作动词用，但其前面冠有冠词the或者a时，就作名词用了（控制装置）。
如果感到有疑问，或者对该词陌生而不能判断其词类，应查阅词典。 2．词义的确定
词类确定之后，才可确定其正确的含义。另外还可根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系来确定词义。 例1：Gasoline powers the majority of vehicles, but diesel fuel is used in some vehicles. 乍一看，power为一名词，意思为“动力，电源，能量”。但是从整个句子来看，but前面是一个分句，且but前后的两个部分存在呼应关系，故power可能作动词用。而且，power作名词时，后面是不能加s的。查词典可知，power作动词用时，意思为“给??以动力”、“驱动”。
例2：The four-stroke-cycle gasoline engine cycle is spread over four piston strokes. 根据spread在句子中位置，该词可能是动词（过去分词形式与原形相同）、名词，也可能是形容词。查词典可知spread -词三类，但从spread与介词over的搭配上（spread M over N意为“使M分布于N上”），可以判断spread做动词（过去分词）用，从句子意思来看也是合适的。整句译为：“四冲程汽油机的一个工作循环包括活塞的四个行程。”
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