毕业设计（论文）
机车车顶电器常见故障
黑龙江交通职业技术学院
2014年12月
毕业设计（论文）
机车车顶电器常见故障
姓名 ：
指导教师 ： 专学
业 ： 铁道机车车辆（电力机车）专业 院 ： 机车车辆学院
答 辩 日 期 ： 2014年12月 单
位 ： 黑龙江交通职业技术学院
摘 要 摘 要
电器是电力机车的重要组成部分，是为电力机车提供电能的特殊供电设备，由于其结构的特殊性、无备用性、和对自然环境的敏感性，其发生的故障复杂多样,当电力机车牵引列车运行时，如果机车车顶高压设备发生故障或其他原因造成高压设备故障。由于乘务员无法判断故障情况，一旦再次升起受电弓将导致高压放电、接地，轻则造成受电弓滑板与接触网粘接，重则烧断接触网，造成大的故障。它会造成电气化铁路供电设备损坏、供电中断、列车停运、严重威胁供电和运输安全。作为电力机车乘务员必须熟练掌握电力机车各部电器的分析和常见的故障处理，才能在遇到突发情况做出正确的判断，减少由于机车故障对运输产业的危害。
本论文主要针对机车车顶电器的故障分析和处理，要求我们能熟练掌握机车车顶电器的构成、常见的故障分析，并能根据实际中遇到的问题进行故障处理，使我们能够更好的理解车顶电器对机车的重要性，培养我们用所学的专业知识解决范围内的问题，掌握一定的程序和方法。针对电力机车车顶电器的结构、常见故障和原因进行分析、提出切实可行的技术措施，为做好日常检修、维护保养和提高车顶电器工作的可靠性提供技术支持。
关键词：受电弓；避雷器；电容电压互感器；高压隔离开关；真空断路器；主断路器；
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Abstract Abstract
Electrical equipment is an important part of the electric locomotive is a special power supply equipment, provide the electric energy for the electric locomotive, because of the particularity of its structure, without reservation, and to the natural environment sensitivity, the complexity and diversity of the fault occurred, when the train locomotive traction, if high voltage equipment of the locomotive roof failure or other reasons cause the fault of high voltage equipment. As the flight attendants can not judge the fault situation, once again raised the pantograph will lead to high voltage discharge, ground, it may cause the pantograph and catenary bonding, or it will burn out catenary, causing big fault. It will cause power supply of electrified railway equipment damage, interruption of power supply, the train outage, a serious threat to the power supply and transport safety. As a crew of electric locomotive must be familiar with each part of the electric locomotive electrical analysis and common fault handling, to make a correct judgement in an emergency situation, reduce the harm due to the locomotive fault on the transportation industry.
This thesis focuses on the fault analysis and processing of locomotive roof appliances, require that we can skilled grasp the structure, the locomotive roof electrical analysis of common fault, and according to the actual problems in fault processing, so that we can understand the importance of roof electrical appliance capable of better locomotive, cultivate professional knowledge we learned to solve the range internal problems, to master certain methods and procedures. For electric locomotive roof structure of electrical appliances, common faults and causes are analyzed, and puts forward the feasible technical measures, to do routine maintenance, maintenance and provide technical support for improving the working reliability of the roof appliances.
Keywords: Pantograph; arrester; capacitor voltage transformer; the high-voltage isolating switch; vacuum circuit breaker; the main circuit breaker;
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目录 目 录
摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 2 第1章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................... - 1 -
1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义 ............................................................. - 1 - 1.2电力机车车顶电器组成 .......................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.1受电弓 ............................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.2避雷器 ............................................................................................... - 2 - 1.2.3高压隔离开关 ................................................................................... - 2 - 1.2.4互感器 ............................................................................................... - 2 - 1.2.5真空断路器 ....................................................................................... - 2 - 1.2.6主断路器 ........................................................................................... - 2 - 1.3本章小结 .................................................................................................. - 4 - 第2章 概述车顶电器常见故障 .......................................................................... - 5 -
2.1 车顶电器各个部分常见故障分析 ....................................................... - 5 - 2.1.1 受电弓常见故障 .............................................................................. - 5 - 2.1.2高压电压互感器常见故障 ............................................................... - 6 - 2.1.3高压隔离开关常见故障 ................................................................... - 7 - 2.1.4主断路器常见故障 ........................................................................... - 8 - 2.1.5真空断路器常见故障 ....................................................................... - 9 - 2.2本章小结 ................................................................................................ - 11 - 第3章 电器故障分析与解决办法 .................................................................... - 11 -
3.1 车顶电器各个部分故障分析和处理办法 ........................................... - 12 - 3.1.1受电弓故障处理办法 ..................................................................... - 12 - 3.1.2 高压电压互感器故障处理方法 .................................................... - 12 - 3.1.3 高压隔离开关故障处理 ................................................................ - 13 - 3.1.4 主断路器故障处理 ........................................................................ - 14 - 3.1.5 真空断路器故障处理 .................................................................... - 14 - 3.2本章小结 ................................................................................................ - 15 - 结 论 ......................................................................................................................... 16 参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 17
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