and medical hygiene(医疗卫生). He is considered one of the fathers of modern
epidemiology(传染病), partly because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London, in 1854. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world.
Snow was born on 15 March, 1813 in York, England. He was the first of nine children born to William and Frances Snow in their North Street home. His neighborhood was one of the poorest in the city and was always in danger of flooding because of its nearness to the River Ouse. His father was a laborer who may have worked at a local coal yard, but later was a farmer in a small village to the north of York. Snow was baptized at All Saints’ Church, North Street, York.
In 1837 Snow began working at the Westminster Hospital. Admitted as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 2 May 1838, he graduated from the University of London in December 1844 and was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1850. In 1850 he was also one of the founding members of the Epidemiological Society of London, formed in response to the cholera outbreak of 1849.
In 1830 Snow became a member of the Temperance Movement, and lived for a decade or so as a vegetarian and teetotaler. In the mid-1840s his health decreased, and he returned to meat-eating and drinking wine. He kept drinking pure water (via boiling) throughout his adult life. He never married.
Snow suffered a stroke while working in his London office on 10 June 1858. He was 45 years old at the time. He never recovered, dying on 16 June 1858. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery.
28. John Snow died in . A. 1838
B. 1850
C. 1854
D. 1858
29. John Snow is recognized as a pioneer of studying infective diseases partly because .
A. he changed the water and waste system of London B. he was a leader in the adoption of medical hygiene C. he found out the cause of a cholera outbreak in London D. he led to a significant improvement in general public health.
30. According to Paragraphs 2&3, which of the following is not mentioned about John Snow? A. marriage 31.
The
B. background word
C. education
suggests
D. birthday John
Snow
underlined “teetotaler” probably
for about ten years. A. drank tea a lot
B. liked pure water
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C. was meat-eating
D
D. cut out all alcohol
“Is it raining slightly there? You’ve got a bit of water on your coat!” the man at the gas station said to me. “No, it’s pretty fine,” I replied, checking my sleeve (袖子). “Oh, right. A pony (马驹) bit me earlier.”
As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移). The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.
Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, which play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements. 32. Why was the author’s coat a little wet? A. A pony bit him at the gas station earlier. B. It was raining slightly out there near Haytor. C. He had his sleeve bitten by a pony near Haytor. D. The man at the gas station wetted it by coincidence.
33. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the annual pony drift? A. The number of horses can be put under control in this way. B. The horses can be prevented from being hit by tourists’ cars. C. Their health can be examined when they have been gathered up.
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D. The baby ponies can be stopped from feeding on their mothers’ milk. 34. What was the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back? A. He worried about it very much. C. He regarded it as being naughty.
B. He called in a protection officer. D. He freed it from the trap happily.
35. What does the author imply(暗示) about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies? A. It has caused an imbalance of species. C. It lacks many people’s involvement. 第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple ways to get happy
We are not suggesting that you can reach a permanent state called “happiness” and remain there. But there are many ways to turn the path of anxiety, anger, and sadness into a state of happiness. Here are four ideas to get you started. 36 .
1. Laugh out loud.
Just expecting a happy, funny event can raise levels of pleasure-causing hormones (荷尔蒙) and lower production of stress hormones. Researchers at the University of California tested 16 men who all agreed they thought a certain videotape was funny. Half were told three days in advance they would watch it. 37 . When they actually watched the video, their levels of stress hormones dropped greatly, while their levels of pleasure-causing hormones rose 27 percent.
2. Do one thing at a time.
Edward Suarez, professor of medical psychology at Duck, found that people who do several things at the same time are more likely to have high blood pressure. 38 It is very important. Instead of talking on the phone while cleaning the kitchen, sit down in a comfortable chair and turn your entire attention over to the conversation.
3. 39 9
Although relationships help take away stress, sometimes you need time to recharge and reflect on your own. Take yourself out to lunch or to a movie, or simply spend an afternoon reading at home, or looking through books in a bookstore.
4. Practice mindfulness.
40 Instead of worrying about your check-up(体检) tomorrow while having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now---food, the company, and the conversation.
A. Spend time alone. B. Focus on the present. C. Take care of the soul.
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B. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D. It costs a large amount of money.
D. Take that finding seriously. E. Choose the ones that work for you.
F. They started experiencing biological changes right away.
G. Find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret place to escape. 第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a rainy day, 1 was taking a bus downtown to go to 41 . I was sitting next to a man in a business suit and didn’t 42 much attention until we both got off at the same stop and walked to the same 43 to get a morning paper.
The man running the stand was 44 having a bad day. He was 45 and unsmiling as we purchased our papers, which served to only 46 more gloom(抑郁) to my day. The businessman caught my eye because he 47 . He then continued to smile 48 and thanked the newsstand owner for the 49 and for being open on such a terrible morning to make sure we were able to get our papers. 50 , he expressed his gratitude for something most of us would take for granted.
The newsman 51 only with a cold expression. The businessman then pleasantly wished him a pleasant day. As we 52 , I asked this man why he had 53 to be pleasant to the newsman when he obviously didn’t care about and didn’t respond to his expression of 54 and friendliness. The businessman smiled at me and said, “Why would I let someone else 55 what I say and what I feel or what kind of day I’m going to have?”
We then 56 to go to our respective(各自的) work places. To this day, I don’t know anything about that businessman. But I’ve never 57 the words he said or the way he smiled, like a ray of light on a gloomy day. That was a good deed 30 years ago, but the 58 this had on my life has lasted. I never had a 59 to thank him personally, but the way in which I choose to look at life is a result of those words and my thanks to him.
We cannot control people and situations that come to us, but we can always control our response to them. And in such 60 decisions lie our control and personal power to make a positive difference. And it’s something anyone and everyone can do. 41. A. church 42. A. pay
B. hospital B. possess
C. school C. absorb C. stand
D. work D. attract D. sponsor
D. potentially
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43. A. market 44. A. eventually
B. material B. evidently
C. flexibly
45. A. mild uncomfortable
B. rude C. unconscious D.
46. A. challenge 47. A. contributed shouted
48. A. brightly 49. A. quantity
B. conclude
C. acquire
D. add
D.
B. panicked C. smiled
B. privately B. credit
C. greedily D. awkwardly
C. variety D. paper
50. A. In short
D. As usual
B. After all C. On average
51. A. varied waved
B. responded C. appealed D.
52. A. turned away down
53. A. attempted expected 54. A. assessment impression 55. A. ignore
B. went up C. ran out D. broke
B. continued C. intended D.
B. commitment C. appreciation D.
B. manage C. convey D. control
D. concentrated
56. A. exchanged 57. A. divided 58. A. treat 59. A. wish
B. strengthened C. separated B. exposed
C. handled
D. forgotten
D. cure D. possibility
D.
B. 1esson B. chance B. absolute
C. effect C. right
60. A. positive concrete
C. fortunate
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分45分) 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nobody wants to be aged, but 61 it comes to visiting cities, most of us
want to visit the world’s oldest cities. Luoyang is one of the oldest and most 62 (attraction) cities in the world that I’d like to recommend to you.
Luoyang stands out 63 the oldest continually inhabited (持续居住的) city in Asia. The city is considered to be 64 birthplace of Chinese
culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. There
65 (be) no other city in China that has seen so many 66 (dynasty) like Luoyang.
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