1.actually adv.实际上；事实上 2.because of因为；由于 3．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人 4.come up走近；上来；提出 5．at present现在；目前 6.vocabulary n．词汇；词汇量；词表 7．make use of利用；使用 8.latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 9．such as例如……；像这种的 10.voyage n．航行；航海 11．request n．& vt.请求；要求 12.play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与 13．accent n．口音；腔调；重音 14.expression n．词语；表示；重点识记词汇 表达 15．straight adv.直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的 16．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identify v．确定；认出；鉴定 17．eastern adj.东方的；东部的→southeastern adj.东南方的；来自东南的→northwestern adj.西北方的；来自西北的 18．enrich vt.使富裕；充实；改善→rich adj.富裕的；有钱的 19．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室→officer n．官员 20．base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 21．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 22．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 23．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率；频度 24．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n．& v．使用，利用 25．command n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥员，司令员 26．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognition n．认出；认识；识别 27．spelling n．拼写；拼法→spell v．拼写 1.Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家？ 2．...people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world... ……英国人(开始)航海征服世界其它地区…… 3．So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA. 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。 4．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 必背经典句式 以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。 5.This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。 6．So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 因此到十七世纪，莎士比亚能够运用比以往更大的词汇量。 7．It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker. 对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。 dis- disability /?dIs?′bIl?tI/ n．[C]&[U]缺陷；伤残 disadvantage /?dIs?d′vɑ?ntId?/ n．[C]&[U]不利；不利条件；缺构词记忆 点 disagreement /?dIs?′ɡri?m?nt/ n．[C]&[U]意见不一；分歧；争论 discount /′dIska?nt/ n．[C]&[U]折扣vt.打折扣；不全信；低估
1
base vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在(use...as the main place)；以……为基础；n.根基，基底；底座(the lowest part)；根据，出发点；基础 [应试指导] 过去分词句法功能的考查 base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据 be based on/upon以……为根据?基础? basis n.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础 on the basis of在……基础上 basic adj.基础的；基本的 Actually，teaching is an art based on science. 事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。 [夯实基础] (1)语法填空
①Basing(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
②Based(base) on my own opinion，this one is far better than that one. (2)用base短语完成句子
The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right. 这家餐馆建立在信任之上，现在运营正常。 (3)按要求改写句子
①Based on trust，the restaurant is working all right. (把上题(2)改为含有分词短语作状语的简单
句)
②The restaurant，which is based on trust，is working all right. (把上题(2)改为含有定语从句的复合句)
2separate v.把……分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的 separate A from B 把A和B分开 be separated from和……分离 divide...into...把……分成…… It’s not always easy to separate cause from effect. 因果关系并不总是容易区分的。
They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。 [特别提醒]
separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。 [夯实基础] 语法填空
(1)I can separate cream from milk. (2)The two cities are separated by a highway. (3)Divide the cake into halves. (4)Taiwan is part of China.But it is a separate island.It’s separated from the mainland by Taiwan Strait.(separately) 3
错误!
[应试指导] (1)虚拟语气的考查 (2)写作高级词汇have a good command of command sb.to do...命令某人做…… command that...?should? do...命令…… at one’s command听某人支配 have a good command of 掌握……；精通…… take command of指挥；控制 in command of掌管；掌握 The police arrived and took command of the situation. 警察到达后就控制了局势。
They help the computer react to commands from the brain. 他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。 [夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①I am here at the president’s command. ②They are in command of the present situation.
③After hard work，he finally took command of the language of English. ④The director commanded that everyone (should) follow(follow) his advice. (2)他命令我们马上出发。(一句多译)
①He commanded that we (should) set off at once. (command that...) ②He commanded us to set off at once. (command ＋复合宾语) 4request vt.& n.要求；请求?ask；ask for? [应试指导] 虚拟语气的考查 request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 request sth.from sb.向某人要求某物 request that...?should? do...要求…… at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求 She had requested that the door to her room be left open. 她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。
Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed. 越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。 [特别提醒]
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。 [夯实基础] 同义句改写
(1)We requested Mr.Wang not to smoke in the office. We requested that Mr.Wang (should) not smoke in the office. (2)It is requested that all the club members attend the annual meeting. All the club members are requested to attend the annual meeting.
5expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望
[应试指导] be expected to do，be supposed to do作为高级词汇替换should，had better expect sb.to do...预料?期望?某人做…… as expected正如所料；不出所料 expectation n.预料；希望，盼望 in expectation of预料 beyond expectations 出乎意料 live up to sb.’s expectations达到期望；符合希望 We were expecting him home again some day. 我们期盼着他某一天再回家。
Don’t expect me to come and visit you there. 别指望我会去那儿看你。 [夯实基础] (1)语法填空
①Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected(expect)． ②The show lived up to all our expectations(expect)—it was wonderful. (2)He failed in the exam，and all of us had expected it.
①As expected，he failed in the exam.(用as的省略句改写句子)
②As was expected，he failed in the exam.(用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子) ③He failed in the exam，which was expected.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子) 6
recognize v.认识；辨认出?make out?；意识到；承认?admit?；赏识，表彰；向……打招呼?salute to? [应试指导] 在语境中时态的考查 be recognized as...被公认为…… It is recognized that...人们公认…… out of/beyond recognition认不出来 She has changed so much that I can hardly recognize her.她变化那么大，我几乎认不出来了。 He recognized that he was not qualified for the work. 他认识到自己做这项工作是不够格的。 [夯实基础] (1)语法填空
Being recognized in public has brought her much trouble，so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition.(recognize) (2)It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth.be recognized to...改写句子) 7