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Abstract
The technical background of this dissertation is router testing, which involves test methods, test definition/specification techniques and process, and test systems. The dissertation focused on techniques of test suite planning as well as test specification with an emphasis on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and a standard specification language called TTCN-3. The author’s work is part of the research and development activities at Sichuan Network Communication Technology Key Laboratory (SC-Netcom Lab) to promote a new test method and test definition language and to develop a new generation of test systems for multi-port high-speed routers.
In Chapter 1, a comprehensive discussion on router testing techniques is given tore-examine shortcomings of existing testing techniques. A framework for multi-portrouter testing at SC-Netcom Lab is presented, which involves the Multi-port RouterDistributed Synchronized Test Method (MRDS-TM), Concurrent Multi-Port TestDistributed Synchronized Test Method (MRDS-TM), Concurrent Multi-Port Test Definition language (CMP-TDL), and a multi-port router test system.
In Chapter 2 first presents a comprehensive study on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) in Internet together with a generic discussion on SNMP testing. An emphasis has been given, in this dissertation, to testing of implementations of version 2 of SNMP (SNMPv2) in a two-port testing environment although the technique in a multi-port testing environment was also briefly analyzed.
Chapters 3 and 4 are the main parts of this dissertation, which are dedicated to techniques of two important steps in test case generation, i.e. generic test suite planning and test case specification. To stress the importance of test suite planning, Chapter 3 first examines the procedural steps in conformance testing. A framework of the Generic Test Suite (GTS) for SNMPv2 is also provided with a systematic discussion. Chapter 4 is devoted to test case specification for SNMPv2 with detailed discussions on data definition, behavior and test control descriptions respectively. Finally, Chapter 5 concluded this thesis followed by a forward view for future work.
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As the router testing system at SC-Netcom Lab is still under development and the test suite defined has not yet been applied to real testing, and for the reason that the SNMP protocol set is complex and involves twenty more RFCs, the work presented in this M. Sc. dissertation is preliminary. However, the author believes that this work will provide a sound basis for future ―test suite specification‖, eapecially for a complete SNMP test sutie.
Keywords: Router Testing, Test suite Planning, Test suite Specification, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), TTCN-3
西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第 V 页
目 录
摘 要 .......................................................... I 目 录 .......................................................... V 第1章 引言 ..................................................... 1
1.1 本论文的研究背景 ................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 IPv6路由器多端口并行测试技术研究提出的背景 ..................... 1 1.1.2 国、内外路由器测试系统现状 ..................................................... 3 1.1.3 四川省网络通信技术重点实验室关于测试技术的研究概貌 .... 7 1.2 本研究工作的测试对象SNMPv2 .......................................................... 10 1.3 论文结构组织 ........................................................................................ 11 1.4 作者的工作与论文的贡献 ................................................................... 11 第2章 SNMPv2及测试技术........................................ 13
2.1 简单网络管理协议SNMP及SNMPv2 .................................................... 13
2.1.1 SNMP历史的简短回顾 ................................................................ 13 2.1.2 SNMP的应用模式——客户机/（多）服务器模式 .................. 14 2.1.3 SNMP网络管理信息与管理信息库（MIB） ............................ 16 2.1.4 SNMP网络管理实体（Entity）的功能结构 .............................. 17 2.1.5 SNMP的协议数据单元（PDU） ................................................ 17 2.1.6 RMON对SNMP系列标准的扩充 .............................................. 18 2.2 SNMP协议测试技术............................................................................... 19
2.2.1 利用双端口测试系统测试SNMP的技术 .................................. 19 2.2.2 测试控制数据及其描述语言TTCN-3 ........................................ 20 2.2.3 SNMPv2多端口并发测试 ............................................................ 22
第3章 SNMPv2通用测试集GTS规划 .............................. 23
3.1 测试控制数据定义/描述技术 ............................................................. 23
3.1.1 通用测试集、抽象测试集和可执行测试集 ............................... 23 3.1.2测试步骤与测试控制数据获取流程 ............................................ 24 3.2 一致性测试集规划原则 ....................................................................... 25
3.2.1测试集的结构 ................................................................................ 25 3.2.2测试集的规划原则 ........................................................................ 27
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3.2.3 测试数据的命名和编码规则 ....................................................... 29 3.3 SNMPv2一致性通用测试集规划 .......................................................... 30
3.3.1 SNMPv2报文格式测试GTS规划 .............................................. 30 3.3.2 MIB-II通用测试集GTS规划...................................................... 32 3.3.3 RMON1 MIB通用测试集GTS规划 ....................................... 34 3.3.4 RMON2 MIB通用测试集GTS规划 ....................................... 36 3.3.5状态对象EntryStatus的通用测试集GTS规划 ......................... 36 3.3.6 状态对象RowStatus的通用测试集GTS规划 .......................... 39
第4章 SNMPv2测试例TTCN-3的描述及测试 ........................ 43
4.1 测试数据类型定义 ................................................................................ 43
4.1.1 SNMPv2数据类型 ........................................................................ 43 4.1.2 SNMPv2常用文本标识符 ............................................................ 44 4.1.3 SNMPv2数据包定义 .................................................................... 44 4.1.4 TTCN-3类型概要 ......................................................................... 46 4.1.5 SNMPv2报文数据类型定义 ........................................................ 47 4.2 测试数据定义 ........................................................................................ 50
4.2.1 消息模板的定义、发送和接送 ................................................... 50 4.2.2 模板的匹配机制 ........................................................................... 51 4.2.3 模板参数化 ................................................................................... 51 4.2.4 SNMPv2测试数据定义 ................................................................ 52 4.3 测试配置定义 ........................................................................................ 57 4.4 测试行为定义 ........................................................................................ 59
4.4.1 TTCN-3行为语句 ......................................................................... 60 4.4.2 测试例 ........................................................................................... 61 4.4.3 不带参数的标量对象测试例 ....................................................... 62 4.4.4 带参数标量对象测试例 ............................................................... 63 4.4.5 MIB-II信息库中列对象的逐行测试 ........................................... 65 4.4.6 ipRouteTable表列对象抽取测试 ................................................. 71 4.4.7 RMON1中列对象测试 ................................................................. 72 4.4.8 子网掩码对象的测试 ................................................................... 73 4.4.9 对象ipAdEntBcastAddr的测试 .................................................. 75 4.5 测试控制部分的定义............................................................................ 78 第5章 总结与展望 .............................................. 79
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5.1 论文工作总结 ........................................................................................ 79 5.2 后续工作展望 ........................................................................................ 79 致 谢 ......................................................... 81 参考文献 ....................................................... 82 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及科研成果 ........................... 87 附录1 通用测试集规划表 ........................................ 88
表1 SNMPv2通用测试集规划表 ................................................................ 88 表2 MIB-II 、RMON1 MIB、RMON2 MIB通用测试集GTS规划表 .................................................................................................................... 89 表3 列对象etherStatsStatus通用测试集GTS规划表 .............................. 90 表4 列对象protocolDirStatus通用测试集GTS规划表 ........................... 91 附录2 ipRouteProto列对象抽取测试测试例 ....................... 96 附录3 historyControlInterval列对象测试例 ..................... 98 附录4 ipRouteMask列对象抽取测试测试例 ....................... 101 附录5 ipAdEntNetBcastAddr列对象抽取测试测试例 ............... 105