6） 引语法
\as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained.\From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning. 7） 调查法
为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面\Stress a Bad Thing?\的1）和\Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?\的4）。 8） 假设法
假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。
Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? … 9） 综合法
具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。 首段示例1：
题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing?
提纲：1）有人害怕压力
2） 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事 3） 我的看法
\I can't stand the pressure and competition,\explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality. It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.
就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：
1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality.
2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I don't think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons.
3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, people's attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. In fact the choice we make between \or \t make the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平庸之辈). 首段示例2：
标题：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet? 提纲： 1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及； 2）网络有其优点但也有缺点； 3）我的观点
根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式：
1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverse opinions on this. Some think it wise, but I don't agree with them.
2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it.
3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet.
4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons.
2． 结论段的写作
结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。 常见的方式有： 1） 重述或总结主题
重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。
Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2） 提出建议
Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 3） 概括总结
As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.