中学阶段所有加ing要双写的动词
一、首先了解一下“闭音节”的基本知识:以辅音结尾的音节称为“闭音节”,如果这个闭音节在单词里是重读的,则这个音节叫做“重读闭音节”;
二、如果一个动词以“重读闭音节”结尾,则其现在分词/动名词的构成通常是“双写词尾的那个辅音字母,然后加 ing”;
三、 “双写词尾辅音字母后加ing”的情况,必须同时满足以下四个条件:
1、 该动词的发音以重读闭音节结尾;rabbet (vt.嵌接) - rabbeting:不要双写\,因为重读音节在第一个音节上,不符合条件1; 2、结尾闭音节符合“1个辅音字母 + 1个元音字母 + 1个辅音字母” ;bleed - bleeding;不要双写\,最后那个辅音字母前有两个元音字母,不符合上述条件2; 3、结尾的辅音字母不是“x”; fix - fixing 单词结尾的辅音字母是“x”时,不要双写。 4、该动词的拼写规则没有例外。 5、举例:
begin - beginning: 以一个辅音字母结尾、重读,符合上述全部条件; reject - rejecting:不要双写\,因为结尾有两个辅音字母; 6、特殊举例
control - controling 或 controlling 都可以,这是“拼写例外”的情形; kidnap - kidnaping 或 kidnapping 都可以,也是“拼写例外”的情形。
综上所述,会读一个单词,知道重音在第几个音节上很重要,然后再记住上述规则,你就基本上不会犯错了!
现将初、高中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个字母加ing的动词归纳如下: 中学阶段特殊动词的现在分词、过去式、过去分对照词表 (红色为特例) 英文 admit 中 文 承认,允许进入,允许 音标 现在分词 过去式 admitted 过去分词 admitted babysat banned begged begun betted chatted [?d?mit] admitting [?b?bi?sit] [b?n] [beɡ] [bet] [t??t] babysit 临时照看婴儿 ban beg begin bet chat 禁止,剥夺权利 恳求,乞讨 开始,着手 打赌,确信无疑 闲谈,聊天 babysitting babysat banning begging betting chatting banned begged began betted chatted [bi?ɡin] beginning control 控制,支配,掌管 cut dig dot drag drip drop equip fit [k?n?tr?ul] 切,割,剪,削减 [k?t] 挖掘;探究,发掘;[diɡ] 刺,戳; 打点于;散布于;点缀; 拖,拉,迫使,缓慢行进 [d?t] [dr?ɡ] controlling controlled controlled cutting digging dotting dragging dripping dropping cut dug dotted dragged dripped dropped equipped fitted cut dug dotted dragged dripped dropped equipped fitted forbidden forgotten got;gotten hit hugged jogged let mopped napped nodded patted 滴出;含有;充满;[drip] 充溢 使)落下;投下;[dr?p] (使)降低;减少 适合,安装 [fit] 装备,具备,准备 [i?kwip] equipping fitting forbid 禁止,阻止,不许 [f??bid] forbidding forbade forget 忘记,忽略 get hit hug jog let mop nap nod pat [f??ɡet] forgetting forgot getting hitting hugged jogging letting mopping napping nodding patting got hit hugged jogged let mopped napped nodded patted 得到,患(病),[ɡet] 达到 打(击),袭击,达[hit] 到 拥抱,紧抱,抱有 [h?ɡ] 慢跑,轻推 让,允许 用拖把拖,擦拭 [d??ɡ] [let] [m?p] 打盹,疏忽 [n?p] 点头,打盹,(使)[n?d] 摆动 轻拍,爱抚;拍成,[p?t] 拍至 permit 允许,许可 plan [p??mit] permitting permitted permitted planning planned planned 安排,计划,设计 [pl?n] [pri?fprefer 宁可,较喜欢 ?:] 放,安置,提交,put [put] 记下 refer 参考,谈及,咨询 [ri?f?:] [ri?ɡregret 后悔,惋惜 ret] preferring preferred preferred putting referring put referred put referred regretting regretted regretted rid rob rot rub run set shop shut sit skip slip spit split spot step stop swap swim trap 摆脱,除去 vt.使 摆脱,解除,免除 [rid] 抢劫,掠夺 [r?b] 腐烂,使...枯朽,[r?t] 消瘦 擦,摩擦; 用…擦; [r?b] 触怒 跑,运营,蔓延,[r?n] 传播 放置,设定,确定,[set] 调整 逛商店,购物 坐,孵,适合 [??p] [sit] 关闭,合拢,停止 [??t] 跳过,略过,遗漏 [skip] 滑倒,滑脱,疏忽,[slip] 溜走 吐,吐口水,厉声说[spit] 出 分裂,分离,劈开 [split] 玷污,认出 踏,以步测量 [sp?t] [step] ridding robbing rotting rubbing running setting shopping shutting sitting skipping slipping spitting splitting spotting stepping stopping swapping swimming trapping ridded robbed rotted rubbed ran set shopped shut sat skipped slipped spatspit split spotted stepped stopped swapped swam trapped ridded robbed rotted rubbed run set shopped shut sitten skipped slipped spatspit split spotted stepped stopped swapped swum trapped 停止,阻止,停留 [st?p] 交换,用...作交易 [sw?p] 游泳 设圈套,陷入(困境) [swim] [tr?p] travel [?tr?v?旅行;传送;前进 (例外) l] 绊倒,旅行,轻快trip [trip] 地走 whip win wrap 鞭打,抽打;严厉地折磨 赢,赢得,获胜,获得 包,裹,覆盖,隐藏 [wip] [win] [r?p] travelling travelled travelled tripping whipping winning wrapping tripped whipped won[w?n] wrapped tripped whipped won wrapped 过去式和过去分词构成法
1)英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的办法构成过去式及过去分词: 现在时(动词原形) 过去式 过去分词 work worked worked appear appeared appeared talk talked talked play played played 这类动词称为规则动词(Regular Verbs)。 2)在加-ed 词尾时要注意几个问题:
a.若末尾已有字母e,则只加-d:
live —— lived please —— pleased free —— freed b.若以“辅音(字母)+y”结尾,先变y为i再加-ed:
try —— tried study —— studied simplify ——simplified c.若是以“一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母”结尾,该音节又重读者,末尾字母要双写,然后再加-ed:
stop —— stopped fit —— fitted chat —— chatted d.其他的词都直接加-ed:
lack —— lacked open —— opened repeat —— repeated 3)另外,还有几点值得注意:
a.以“一个元音+l”结尾的词,英国人都把l双写,美国人都不双写: travel —— travelled (英),traveled (美) marvel —— marvelled (美),marveled (美)
b.l前若有两个元音,l一概不双写(英美都如此): reveal —— revealled appeal —— appealed
c.有少数词,尽管末尾音节并不重读,末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写: worship —— worshipped (英) ,worshiped (美) kidnap —— kidnapped (英), kidnapped (美)
但progarm—— programmed(英,美),progarmed(美国人有时用这种拼法)。 d.以x结尾的词,x不双写:
mix —— mixed fix —— fixed
4)在英语中,在加-ed词尾时,末尾字母双写的词常见的有: ban bar bat beg blot brag brim chat chop clap cram crop dam dip dot drag drop drum dub fan fit flag grap grin grip gun hop hug hum jam jog jot knit lag man mar mob mop mug nag net nip nod pad pat pen pin pit plan plod plug pop prop rip rob rot rub scan scar scrap skruship shop shred b skim skin skip skid spot squat stap sob strip stun sun strathrob tip top p wrap thin commicompeconfer wag t l excel alloenrol equip propel t outwipatrohandicemit t l ap omit submitransrepet mit l 5)下面的词在加-ed时,在英国末尾字母要双写,而在美国却不一定双写:
cancel dial equal hiccup initial kidnap label level marvel model pedal pencil program quarrel refuel revel rival shovel shrivel total travel tunnel unravel worship 注:在加-ing 词尾时,4)中所列词的情况也一样。
shrug slam star swap trap abet control expel recap shun slap stem tag trim abhor defer incur refer sin slip step tan trip acquit deter instil regret sip snap stop tap trot admit distil occur remit