Though marked as recyclable, most of paper coffee cups end up on landfill（垃圾场）or being burned due to the plastic lining（图层）used to make them waterproof. By paying waste collectors to take coffee cups to certain places, Costa hopes to increase the rate at which cups are recycled. Finally, all a customer will need to do to make sure their cup avoids landfill is throw it into a standard recycling bin.
Started following the Environmental Audit Committee’s report recommending ministers take action to deal with coffee cup waste, the campaign has pushed for action from governments and businesses and promoted possible solutions. Starbucks has promised ￡ 7m to develop a “fully recyclable cup” following pressure from campaigners, while Waitrose, a supermarket, has planned to stop using disposable（一次性的）coffee cups from its stores by autumn.
The company has entered into a partnership with five national waste collectors – Veolia, Biffa, Suez, Grundon and First Mile – that between them cover public spaces across the UK including hospitals, universities and transport hubs. The coffee company is also working with paper factories to make sure their products are recycled effectively. James Cropper, for example, has plans to upgrade 500 millions cups a year to create plastic-free packaging. By building more partnerships with waste contractors in every area, Costa means to hit its half a billion mark within two years.
With one report showing the number of takeaway drink cups thrown away in the UK is set to rise by a third by 2030, and the government recently failing to tax some coffee to discourage cup use, it fails to businesses to act on the huge amount of waste from their products.
Commenting on the announcement, Environment Minister Therese Coffey said: “Congratulations to Costa on taking this significant step to help coffee lovers do the right thing and increase recycling. We all have a responsibility to our environment and this is a significant step by a British business which should increase the number of disposable coffee cups we recycle in this country.” “We want to help companies become plastic free and through our 25 Year Environment Plan we are putting in place the aims to encourage all of us to play our part in ending the pollution of plastic waste in our natural environment.” 57. What’s the text mainly talking about?
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A. Coffee companies will produce less to go green. B. A policy will be set to reduce the paper pollution. C. A coffee seller is planning to recycle coffee cups. D. A ban on the usage of coffee cups is carried out.
58. According to the passage, why does Starbucks put so much money into the move? A. It is indeed a method of advertising its production. B. It volunteers to take an active part in the move. C. It is encouraged to take action by Waitrose.
D. It is likely to be forced to do so by the move participants. 59. Why does the passage mention James Cropper in Paragraph 4? A. To tell consumers not to use paper cups any longer. B. To show the move made by Costa is effective. C. To promote plastic-free packaging in the near future. D. To suggest Costa is to develop business with the factory. 60. What does Therese Coffey think of the move by Costa? A. Interesting.
B. Meaningful.
C. Selfish. D
A new web standard is expected to kill passwords, meaning users will no longer have to remember difficult login（登录）for each and every website or service they use.
The Web Authentication (WebAuthn网络认证) standard is designed to replace the password with tools that
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D. Impractical.
users already own, such as a security key, a smart phone, a fingerprint scanner or webcam. Instead of having to remember long characters, users can authenticate their login with their body or something they have, communicating directly with the website through Bluetooth, USB or NFC.
“WebAuthn will change the way that people access the Web,” said Jeff Jaffe, CEO of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the body that controls web standards. One example of how WebAuthn will work is that when a user visits a site, they put in a user name and then get a message on their smart phone. Tapping on the message on their phone then logs them into the website without the need for a password.
WebAuthn promises to protect users against phishing attacks（钓鱼攻击）and the use of stolen information as there will be nothing to steal, the authentication sign is produced and used once by their special tool each time the user enters.
“After years of increasingly serious data and passwords being stolen, now it is the time for service providers to end their dependency on easily-attacked passwords and use phishing-resistant FIDO Authentication（快速身份认证联盟）for all websites and apps.” said Brett McDowell, CEO of the FIDO Alliance, one of the bodies pushing the new standard.
WebAuthn should also help people use special login details for each and every service they use, instead of using the same login and password for every site, which many people still do, leaving them further attacked if one site is hacked（黑客攻击）.
The W3C has moved WebAuthn to what’s called the “candidate recommendation” stage – the last-but-one step before it becomes an approved web standard – inviting sites and services to begin using it. The web standards body announced that Google, Microsoft and Mozilla had been devoted to supporting WebAuthn. meaning that all major web explores except Apple’s Safari will use the new standard.
“While there are many web security problems and we can’t fix them all, relying on passwords is one of the weakest links. With WebAuthn’s solutions we are removing this weak link,” said Jaffe.
Several sites and services already use similar methods to enter, including Google and Facebook, which can both be entered using a USB security key. But a single cross-platform., cross-service standard approved by the W3C will
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mean that many more sites and services will be able to kill the password as the login method.
WebAuthn is the top of many years of work and the change will not happen overnight. But as it increasingly seems unavoidably that our email or other online services will get backed into, removing the password is an important step in improving online security and making using sites and services easier. 61. What’s the purpose of the new Web Authentication standard? A. To create a way to login in place of the traditional password. B. To help users to improve the way of inventing the password. C. To make netizens visit a site much faster and more smoothly. D. To inform readers of a new tool against phishing attacks 62. What of the following statements is TRUE? A. WebAuthn will work without a user name at all. B. WebAuthn can ensure its all information safe. C. Users’ data and passwords used to be easily stolen. D. The authentication sign can be used repeatedly.
63. What does the underlined part “which many people still do” mean in Paragraph 6? A. They change their passwords when using a computer system. B. They enter the same login and password on different websites. C. They copy information from the web in the same ways as before. D. They worry about being attacked while surfing the internet. 64. According to Jaffe, web security problems ________.
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A. have been solved completely at present B. are often connected with hacking and phishing C. will disappear one day with the WebAuthn D. may probably be caused by unsafe passwords 65. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. WebAuthn is the product at the key point through longtime efforts. B. WebAuthn will change people’s way of using computers sooner or later. C. Emails are safer ways for people to send and receive information. D. Removing passwords will surely end the risks caused by hacking.
第II卷（共40分）
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
If you want to make a great first impression—and why wouldn’t you—you know there are basic steps you can take: you should smile, make eye contact, talk less than the other person, and ask questions about him or her. Anyone can do those things.
But what you might not know is that if you think other people are going to like you, they usually will. As research show, interpersonal warmth explains the scene: study participants who expected to be accepted were sensed as more likable. (when you think other people will like you, you act in a more natural way—which then makes people like you more since we tend to like warm, friendly people.)
All of which sounds great, but when you’re shy or insecure, you might believe that other people will like you. When you’re not familiar with the setting or do not feel comfortable, it’s a lot easier to believe people don’t like you.
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