10. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。 lose one’s job失业
lose one’s balance失去平衡 lose one’s breath上气不接下气
lose one’s heart (to sb./sth.)爱上 lose one’s life丧生; 遇害 lose face丢脸; 受屈辱 lose hope失去希望 高手过招 翻译句子
①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
①Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well. ②She lost her heart to a young soldier. 重点句型
11. ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.??只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 Only then did she realize she had made mistakes. 直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。
Only when he came back did I go to bed. 当他回来的时候，我才上床睡觉。 温馨提示
only 放在句首修饰状语时，主句部分要倒装，修饰主语、宾语时，则不倒装。 Only you understand me.只有你了解我。 高手过招 单项填空
I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.(2010?山东青岛二中月考)
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 解析：选D。only then位于句首时句子用倒装结构，realize的动作在fail之后发生，故选过去时。
12. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 should have done 本应该做某事（但实际上并没有做）/对过去已发生的事情的推测。ought to= should 但在语气上比should要强。 温馨提示
情态动词+have done的用法小结：
must+have done 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定??”，其否定的意义用can’t+have done表示。
can/could have done 对过去已发生的情况的推测，用于疑问句或否定句中。 could+have done本来有能力做而实际上没有做
needn’t+have done本来不必做的事，实际上却做了 might have done本来可以做而实际上未做。
may (might)+have done表示对过去的推测，多用在陈述句，意为“也许；可能??”。用
might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。
would+have done 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反。 He ought not to have taken the old clothes away. 他不该把旧衣服带走。（事实上已带走。）
The street is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
If I could have stopped, there wouldn’t have been an accident. 如果我能够停下来，事故就不会发生了。
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday. 昨天我没必要去办公室。
Please don’t do that. You might both have been caught and killed! 请不要那样做。你们俩很有可能被抓住然后被杀掉！ 易混辨析
should/ought to
①两者均有“应该”之意，should多表示说话人主观建议，ought to多表示道义和责任。 Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients. 医生和护士应该仔细照顾病人。 You shouldn’t drink and drive. 你不该喝了酒还开车。
You ought to be blushed at your conduct. 你应该为你自己的行为感到羞愧。
②两者均可表示预测，意为“应该会，可能”。 We should/ought to arrive there before dark. 我们应该会在天黑前到达那里。
It’s twelve o’clock now. She should/ought to have already got there. 现在已经12点了。她应该已经到那里了。 联想拓展
should的其他用法：
①虚拟从句中，表示“假如；万一”；
If you should change your mind, do let we know. 如果你想要改变主意，让我们知道。
In case you should need any help, here is my number. 假如你需要任何帮助，给我打电话，这是我的电话号码。 ②应该，必须
She recommended that/she (should) take some time off. 她建设应该休假。 ③表示惊讶，遗憾。
It’s strange that she should have done such a thing. 她能做好这样的事情，真让人觉得奇怪。
高手过招 单项填空
①—I missed the first part of the film. It was really a pity. —You home half an hour earlier.(2010?福建厦门一轮检测) A. should have left B. must have left C. should leave D. must leave ②—Do you think he is lazy?
—I so once, but I don’t now.(2010?浙江杭州一轮检测) A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think
①解析：选A。第一句句意为：我错过了这部电影的第一部分，真遗憾。根据第一句，答句的句意应为：你本应该提前半小时出家门。故选A。
②解析：选A。从答语可知，空格处的意思是“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故
应用“情态动词＋动词完成时”；又因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句中，故选A。
学习流程
Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)
考纲知识预览 一．熟记单词
1． (n.) 英雄 2． (n.) 品质，质量 3． (adj.) 乐意的，自愿的
4． (n.) 共和国，共和政体 5． (n.) 法则，原则，原理
6． (adj.) 和平的，平静的，安宁的 7． (n.) 罪犯 8． (n.) 时期，学时 9． (n.) 法律 10． (v.) 继续
11． (v.) 劝告，忠告
12． (n.) 费(会费、学费等)，酬金 13． (n.) 舞台，阶段，时期 14． (n.) 位置，职位 15． (v.) 接受，认可 16． (n.) 暴力，暴行 17． (n.) 程度，学位
18． (adj.) 受过教育的，有教养的 19． (n.) 总统，校长 20． (n.) 害怕，担忧 二．翻译词组
1．在……方面积极 2．丧失勇气或信心 3．陷入困境 4．担心 5．失业 6．事实上 7．使充气，爆炸
8．把……送进监狱 9．上台，当权 10．设立，建立
11．被判死刑 12．实现梦想
13．开始上学 14．为……赢得平等权利 15．同……作斗争 16．信任，信仰
三．词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1．________________________ 与??相处很好 2．____________________________ 愿意做??事情
3．_________________________ 丧失信心 4．_________________________ 失业 5．________________________ 事实上
6．________________________ 将??关进监狱 7．________________________ 当权；上台 8．________________________ 被判处??徒刑 9．________________________ 处于不幸之中 10. be jealous of _______________________ 11. blow up _________________________ 12. be worried about ________________________ 13. answer violence with violence ___________ 14. give up…for… _______________ 15. put … in a position _______________
16. stop somebody from doing something ________________
In class（课上交流展示、研讨提升）
一．Talk about these questions with your group , then give the answers .the more , the better What words will we use to describe a person?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What qualities can we find in a great person?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Can you name some great people?
_______________________________________________________________________________ What are the qualities that great people have in common?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二．Tell True or False（判断正误）
（ ）1.Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. （ ）2.Elias left school because the school was too far from his home. （ ）3.Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.
（ ）4.Elias trusted Nelson Mandela and he joined the ANC Youth League. （ ）5.Elias was willing to blow up government buildings.
（ ）6.Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people. 三．Match the words and expressions（连线）
lose one’s job as a matter of fact in fact put in prison be taken to prison lose heart feel hopeless in trouble have some difficult problems hero
brave man out of work
巧学活用
1. devote vt. 献身，专心于
(1)devote oneself to 献身，致力，专心 devote...to... 把……用于…… (2)devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的
devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚 be devoted to 深爱，致力于 1．完成句子
(1)She ____________(专心于) her career. (2)They ____________ (深爱着)their children. 答案：(1)devoted herself to (2)are devoted to
2. vote vt.& vi. 投票，选举 n． 投票；选票；表决 vote for 投票赞成 vote against 投票反对 vote on投票表决
vote...down 投票击败，投票否决 vote through 投票通过
put...to the vote 付诸表决，裁决 2．完成句子
(1)Did you ______________(投票赞成还是反对) her?
(2)He __________ (当选为)the most promising new director. (3)The plan was passed by __________(6票对3票)． 答案：(1)vote for or against (2)was voted (3)6 votes to
3. equal adj. 相等的，平等的 n． 平等的人或物(可数) v． 等于；与……相匹敌
(1)be equal to 相当于，能胜任，能应付
on equal terms(with sb.)(与某人)处于平等的地位
be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌；无比 (2)equality n．平等
3.选用上述词语填空
(1)They are of ________ height.
(2)Women are demanding ________ pay for equal work. (3)All men are born ________. (4)He is my ________ in strength.
(5)Women are still struggling for true ________ with men. (6)I’m not equal ________ the position.
答案：(1)equal (2)equal (3)equal (4)equal (5)equality 5. escape v．& n． 逃脱；逃生；泄露
(6)to