1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B],[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. 46 it, astronauts will
acquire a workhouse vehicle 47 of flying into space and returning many times. 48 by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65, 000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as 49 as a variety of military hardware. 50 more significantly, it will 51 materials and machines into space for industrial purposes 52 two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was 53 to the vocabulary. In short, the 54 importance of the shuttle lies in its 55 as an economic tool.
What makes the space shuttle 56 is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. 57 , when it has accomplished its 58 , it can be ready for 59 trip in about two weeks.
The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step 60 making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.
46. [A] In
[B] On
[C] By
[D] With [D] fit [D] Reinforced [D] long. [D] So [D] transfer [D] unsolved [D] added [D] ultimate [D] priority [D] rare [D] Yet
[D] responsibility [D] subsequent [D] through
47. [A] capable 48. [A] Served 49. [A] far
50. [A] Then 51. [A] supply
[B] suitable [B] well [B] Or
[C] efficient [C] Forced [C] much [C] But [C] deliver [C] applied
[B] Powered
[B] introduce [B] unsettled [B] contributed [B] essential [B] strange [B] mission [B] another [B] by
[B] prosperity [B] Whereas
52. [A] unimagined 53. [A] attributed 54. [A] general 55. [A] promise 57. [A] Thus 58. [A] venture 59. [A] new 60. [A] for
[C] uncovered [C] prevailing [C] popularity [C] unique
[C] Nevertheless [C] commission [C] certain [C] in
56. [A] exceptional
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D] Mark
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your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
31. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.
[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog [B] the rhythm of modern life [C] the behavior of the driver [D] traffic conditions
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32. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that
________.
[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists [B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally
[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog [D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists 33. By “good sense,” the writer means ________.
[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably [B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions [C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior [D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations
34. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.
[A] road users should make more sacrifice [B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other
[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves [D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others 35. In the writer’s opinion, ________.
[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed [B] drivers should apply road politeness properly [C] rude drivers should be punished [D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
Text 2
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.
According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.
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In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.
36. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would
________.
[A] prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surface [B] mean a warming up in the Arctic
[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere [D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface 37. The article was written to explain ________.
[A] the greenhouse effect [B] the solar effects on the earth
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[C] the models of solar-weather interactions [D] the causes affecting weather
38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures
there seem to be falling. This is ________.
[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising [B] possible because the ice caps in the poles are melting
[C] exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate [D] partly due to variations in the output of solar energy
39. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ________.
[A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
[B] it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect [C] the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects [D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
40. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ________.
[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels [B] ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth
even more quickly [D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
Text 3
体育类：正反观点型
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the
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