17. sometime, sometimes, some time
(1) sometime指过去或将来不确定的“某一时间”或“任何时候”,它不表示一段时间。
Eg: I saw him sometime in May. 我在五月某个时候看见过他。 We’ll take our holiday sometime in Auguest. 我们将在八月某个时候去度假。
(2) sometimes = at times,指“有时”、“不时”,表示频度,可以指过去、现在
或将来的时间概念。
Eg: I sometimes have letters from my father. 我不时收到父亲的来信。
Sometimes she comes here by bus and sometimes on foot. 她有时乘公共汽车来,有时步行来。 (3) some time指“一段时间”
Eg: I stayed in Beijing for some time last summer.
18. sound, noise, voice
(1) sound泛指能够听得到的任何“声音”。Sound还可当系动词用,意为“听起来”。
Eg: The sound of thunder sounds terrible. 雷声听起来可怕。 (2) noise指嘈杂、喧哗、吵闹等令人不愉快的“声音”或“噪音”。 Eg: Stop making so much noise. 别吵了。
(3) voice意为“嗓音”,主要指人说话或唱歌的声音。 Eg: He voice sounds sweet. 她的声音很悦耳。
19. beside, besides, except, except for, but
(1) 这几个词都可用介词,但含义不同。Beside = next to,意为“在??旁边”;Besides意为“除??之外”(除开的部分包括在内);except意为“除??之外”(除开的部分不包含在内);except for意为“除了??”(除开的部分是整体的一部分)。
Eg: Come and sit beside ( = next to ) me. 来坐在我旁边。
Besides Chinese and maths, we also learn English and other subjects. 除了语文和数学外,我们还学英语和其他学科。 We all went to the Great Wall except Xiao Wang. 除了小王之外,我们都去了长城。(小王没去)
His composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几个拼写错误,他的作文写得很好。
(2) but作介词用时意为“除??之外”,可与except互换,但but常与否定词连用。
Eg: No one but him is interested in playing the guiter. 除了他之外,没有人对弹吉他感兴趣。
* but还可与who, where等疑问词,以及all, every one等不定式词连用。 Eg: Who but you would do such a thing?
除你以外,还有谁愿意干这种事?
All but her are here. 除也她以外,大家都到齐了。
20. in the way, on the way, in a way, by the way in the/one’s way 妨碍,挡道 on the/one’s way 在去??的路上
in a way 从某方面看,在某种意义上 by the way 顺便说一句
eg: Don’t stand in the/my way. 不要妨碍我。 on my/the way to school 在我上学的路上 on my/the way home 在回家的路上 In a way he is right. 从某方面看他是对的。
By the way, where are you going? 顺便问问,你去哪儿?
21. “许多”的多种表达及用法区别
(1) many = quite a few = a number of + 可数名词复数 (2) much = quite a little = a great deal of + 不可数名词 (3) a lot of = lots of = plenty of + 可数名词复数或不可数名词 Eg: There are a number of books in the library. 图书馆有许多书。
He seems to have a great deal of money. 他好像很有钱。 There are plenty of / lots of / a lot of / eggs in the house. 房子里有许多鸡蛋。
There is plenty of / a lot of/ lots of time. 时间充裕得很。
22. before long, long before
(1) before long = soon“不久以后”,只作副词短语,在句中作状语。 Eg: She’ll get well before long if you give her good care. 如果你好好照料她,她不久就会好的。
(2) long before“很久以前”
副词,用作时间状语,与完成时态连用。
Eg: She has studied English long before. 她学英语很久了。 介词,后接动名词短语。
Eg: I had known him long before the liberation. 解放前很多我就认识她了。 连词,后接时间状语从句。
Eg: The earth existed long before man came into being. 早在人类出现以前,地球就已经存在了。
23. learn, study
(1) 若表示“学习某一具体事情”或“向某人学习”,应用learn而不用study。 Eg: He is learning to swim. 他在学游泳。 We should learn from Comrade Lei Feng. 我们应该向雷锋同志学习。
(2) learn含有“因不知而学习”或“学会”、“学到”、“了解到”的意思,着重结果;study则含有“努力学习”或“研究”的意思,重动作。
Eg: If you study hard, you’ll learn English quickly. 只要你努力学习,你会很快学会英语的。
He is studying Chinese history. 他正在研究中国历史。 (3) 如果只表示“学”、“学习”这一概念,二者可以互换。 Eg: We are going to study / learn a new lesson today. 我们今天学新课。
24. too much, much too
(1) too much意为“太多”,指超过了一定的限度,后接不可数名词。它也可单独使用。
Eg: I am sorry I have given you too much trouble. 对不起,我给你添了太多的麻烦。 He ate too much. 他吃得太多了。
(2) much too意为“太??”、“非常”,后接形容词或副词。 Eg: The shoes are much too large for me. 这鞋我穿起来实在是太大了。
*这两上词组在合用时,均以后一个词为主,即much too的重心是too(太), too much的重心是much(多)。
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25. real, true
(1) real表示客观存在的,是“真的,实在的”,而不是幻想或想象的事物。它的反义词是unreal。
Eg: This is a real gun. 这是一把真枪。(不是假造的) I’m learning to skate on real ice! 我在真正的冰上学滑冰呢!