如下：
① 如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。 Hearing the news, he got very excited.他得知这消息后非常兴奋。 （bearing 做时间状语，是现在分词）
② 如果-ing 形式在句中充当主语、宾语、或同谓语，那么它一定是动名词。 Studying English is our task. 学习英语是我们的任务。 （studying做主语，是动名词）
He likes playing football.他喜欢踢足球(playing 做宾语，是动名词) His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled.
他征服全世界的野心从来没有实现（conquering做同谓语，是动名词）
③ 如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法；如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing 形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。
His work is repairing bikes.他的工作是修自行车。
（该句可改为：Repairing bikes is his work. repairing为动名词） My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好是集邮
(该句可改为：Collecting stamps is my hobby. collecting为动名词） The novel is interesting这本小说很有趣。
（表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词） The football match is exciting. 足球赛非常振奋人心。 (表语与主语不能交换位置，exciting为现在分词)
④ 如果-ing 形式在句中充当定语，它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法: 如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词。
working people劳动人民（现在分词） working conditions工作条件（动名词） a swimming pool游泳池（动名词）
a swimming boy 游泳的男孩（现在分词） a sleeping car卧车（动名词）
a sleeping child熟睡的孩子（现在分词）
十一、动词不定式和现在分词的区别
由于现在分词在句子中只能起着形容词或副词的作用，所以在这里只对它们做状语和定语进行区分。 1、做状语
不定式做状语一般表示目的或结果，即谓语动作之所以发生就是为了做后面的事，或谓语动作发生后的结果。
He stood up to see better. 他站起来以便看得更清楚。（目的状语） We must work hard to get a better result. 我们必须努力工作以取得更好的结果。（目的状语）
The young girl went into the valley to find herself in a strange place. 那位年轻的女子进入山谷（结果）发现自己来到一个陌生的地方。
一般来说，在不定式前面能加入in order（为了）的，就是目的状语，如前
两个例句。第三个例句显然不能加入in order，因为进山谷并不是为了发现来到了一个陌生的地方。所以是结果状语。另外，不定式做目的状语可以置于句首，做结果状语的不定式则不能这样。
To get to Beijing in the shortest time, he decided to go by air. 为了在最短的时间内赶到北京，他决定乘飞机。
现在分词做状语表示除前面提到过的方式或伴随情况外，还可做时间和原因状语（现在分词做条件状语多为独立主格结构，这里不做分析），表示方式或伴随情况的现在分词一般放在谓语动词之后，其特点是与谓语动词的动作同时进行，做时间或原因状语时一般放在句首。
Being ill, he had to stay at home.由于生病了，他不得不呆在家里。 （现在分词短语做原因状语，相当于Because he was ill） Hearing the sad news, she couldn’t help crying. 听到那不幸的休息，她禁不住哭起来。（现在分词短语做时间状语。相当于when she heard the sad news） 2.做定语
不定式做定语位于被修饰的名词之后，并常与被其修饰的名词构成动宾关系。
a book to read 一本要读的书。
a baby to look after 一个要照顾的小孩
现在分词做定语的基本原则是，单个现在分词一般位于名词之前，现在分词短语位于名词之后。与被修饰的词在逻辑上是主谓关系，并可以扩展成一个定语从句。
He held his shaking hands. 他伸出那颤抖的双手。(The hands that were shaking.) The man working over there is his father. 在那边工作的那个人是他的父亲。 (The man who is working over there.)
十二、一些与动词ing形式有关的短语
① 表示有目的，有意识的进行练习或训练某项技能：do+(some)+v-ing. do some reading读读书 do some running 跑跑步 do some writing练练字
This year I am going to do more speaking. 今年我要多练口语。 ② 表示做一些笼统、不具体指明的事:do+(some)+v-ing.
do some shopping 去商店买东西（不指明买哪样具体的东西） do some washing 洗东西 do some cooking 做饭 do some cleaning 扫除 do some sewing 缝纫 ③ go+v-ing的形式大部分表示从事某种运动、消遣或娱乐活动
必备知识卡
go dancing 去跳舞 go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go skiing 去滑雪
go shooting去射击 go boating 去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go hunting去打猎 go riding 去骑马 go walking 去散步 go running 去跑步 go sailing 去航海 考题精练
选择符合句意的最佳答案。
1.— How can I improve my spoken English?
—You have to practise as much as you can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 2. —Do you feel like or shall we go by bus?
—I prefer to walk, but we have a taxi, for time is short. A. walking, to take B. to walk, take C. walking, taken D. to walk, took
3. When they went into the park, they saw someone Chinese Kongfu.
A. plays B. played C. to play D. playing 4. When I look into the room, I found Philip himself in bed.
A. lies B. lie C. lay D. lying
5. The little girl saw the gorilla in the park with a toy bear.
A. to play B. playing C. is playing D. plays 6. —Is Jim at home by himself?
—No. There’s another boy with him.
A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play 7. At weekends I prefer at home to out.
A. stay, going B. staying, go C. staying, going D. to stay, go 8. The boy in the teachers’ was found yesterday. A. standing, smoke B. standing, smoking C. stood, smoke D. stood, smoking
9. The suspect denied (steal) the valuable painting before the witness appeared.
10. The housewife is good at (make) dumplings.