毕 业 设 计（论 文）
题目：某机械加工车间低压配电系统及车间变电所设计
（英 文）：A mechanical processing workshop low-voltage
distribution systems and workshop substation design
院 别： 自动化学院 专 业： 电气工程及其自动化 姓 名： 学 号：
指导教师： 日 期： 2011年3月
某机械加工车间低压配电系统及车间变电所
设计
摘要
本次设计，是基于某机械加工车间低压配电系统及车间变电所的设计；通过此设计将所学的供配电知识进行巩固，同时，更加深入了解供电系统，使我的电气专业知识得到巩固和加深，逐步提高我解决问题的能力,为今后从事电力工程设计、建设、运行及管理工作，打下必要的基础。
首先根据车间原始资料的分析，对车间设备分组，通过负荷计算和无功功率补偿，按照安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理的要求，确定主变压器的台数和容量以及型号，同时由主变压器确定车间变电所的主接线方案。接着对车间进行短路电流计算，根据短路计算的分析和结果，对选取高、低压柜内的电气设备进行选择和校验；高压电气设备（高压断路器、隔离开关、熔断器、母线、避雷器、电压和电流互感器），完成10KV高压侧电气部分的设计；低压电气设备（低压断路器、刀开关、电流互感器、母线和避雷器），完成380V低压侧电气部分的设计；同时对架空进线，电缆进线选择和校验；利用CAD软件画出10kV高压侧和380V低压侧的电气主接线图和降压变电所主接线电路图。最后对车间二次系统进行继电保护，变电所的防雷保护和电气装置的接地，画出变电所的电气平面布置图。
本次设计论文是以我国现行的各有关规范、规程和技术标准为依据。此设计是一个初步设计，主要根据任务书提供的原始资料，参照有关资料及书籍，对各种方案进行比较而得出的。
关键词：车间变电所；主变压器；电气设备
A mechanical processing workshop
low-voltage distribution systems and workshop
substation design
ABSTRACT
This design is based on a machine shop and workshop substation low voltage distribution system design; by this design will learn to consolidate power supply and distribution of knowledge, and gradually improve my ability to solve problems for the future in power engineering design, construction, operation and management, to lay the necessary foundation.
Firstly, according to plant the original data analysis, workshop equipment group, through the load calculation and reactive power compensation, in accordance with the safe, reliable, technologically advanced, economical and reasonable request, to the main transformer station number and capacity, while the main to plant substation main wiring scheme. of the workshop, according to the analysis and short circuit calculation results, select the high and low voltage equipment (high voltage circuit breakers, isolating switches, fuses, bus, surge arresters, voltage and current transformers), 10KV high voltage side to complete the design of the electrical part; low voltage electrical equipment (low-voltage circuit breakers, knife switches, current transformers, busbar and lightning arrester), 380V low-voltage side of the electrical part of the completion of the design; the same time, the line overhead cable into the line selection and validation; use of CAD software to draw 10kV and 380V high side low side of the main l substation main wiring diagram. substation lightning protection and grounding of electrical equipment, electrical substations to draw floor plans.
This design study is based on the relevant norms of the existing, procedures and technical criteria. This design is a preliminary design, with reference to relevant information and books, by comparing the various programs derived.
Key words：Plant substation；Main transformer；Electrical Equipment
目 录
1. 概述 ................................................................... 1
1.1 工厂供配电系统的概述 .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 工厂供配电系统设计的主要内容 .............................................................................. 2 1.3 本设计原则和基本要求 .............................................................................................. 2
1.3.1 本设计的原则 .................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 本设计的基本要求 ............................................................................................ 2 1.4 本车间原始资料的分析 .............................................................................................. 3
1.4.1设计的基础资料 ............................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 车间供电电源条件 .......................................................................................... 5 1.4.3 车间的自然环境条件 ...................................................................................... 6
2. 车间负荷计算和无功功率补偿 ............................................. 7
2.1 电力负荷的分类 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 负荷计算 ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 车间设备分组 .................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 负荷计算过程 .................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 总负荷计算表 .................................................................................................. 13 2.3 功率因数和无功功率补偿 ........................................................................................ 15
2.3.1 功率因数 .......................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 无功功率补偿 .................................................................................................. 15 2.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 17 3. 主变压器和电气主接线的选择 ............................................ 18
3.1 变电所主变压器数量和容量的选择 ........................................................................ 18
3.1.1 变电所主变压器台数的选择 .......................................................................... 18 3.1.2 变电所主变压器容量的选择 .......................................................................... 18 3.2 变电所电气主接线方案的选择 ................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 主接线的基本要求 .......................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 主接线方案的选择 .......................................................................................... 20 3.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 22 4. 短路计算 .............................................................. 23
4.1 短路的基本概念 ........................................................................................................ 23 4.2 无限大容量供电系统三相短路的分析 .................................................................... 24 4.3 无限大容量供电系统短路电流的计算 .................................................................... 24
4.3.1 短路电流计算的步骤 ...................................................................................... 24 4.3.2 短路电流计算的过程 ...................................................................................... 25 4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 27 5. 一次系统电气设备和导线的选择 .......................................... 29
5.1 电气设备选择的一般条件 ........................................................................................ 29 5.2 高压电气设备的选择与校验 .................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 高压电气设备的选择 ...................................................................................... 30 5.2.2 高压电气设备的校验 ...................................................................................... 32 5.3 低压电气设备的选择与校验 .................................................................................... 34
5.3.1 低压电气设备的选择 ...................................................................................... 34 5.3.2 低压电气设备的校验 ...................................................................................... 35 5.4 导线和电缆截面的选择与校验 ................................................................................ 36 5.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 40 6. 车间供配电二次系统 .................................................... 41
6.1 供配电系统二次回路和自动装置 ............................................................................ 41 6.2 供配电系统的继电保护 ............................................................................................ 43
6.2.1 主变压器的继电保护 ...................................................................................... 43 6.2.2 备用电源高压联络线的继电保护 .................................................................. 46 6.2.3 变电所低压侧的继电保护 .............................................................................. 47 6.3 供配电系统的自动化 ................................................................................................ 48 6.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 49 7. 电气安全、防雷和接地 .................................................. 50
7.1 电气安全 .................................................................................................................... 50 7.2 变电所的防雷保护 .................................................................................................... 50 7.3 电气装置的接地 ........................................................................................................ 50 7.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 52 参考文献 ................................................................ 53 致谢 .................................................................... 54 附录 .................................................................... 55
附录A 车间平面布置图 ................................................................................................. 55 附录B 车间变电所10KV侧电气设备主接线设计图 .................................................. 56 附录C 车间变电所380V侧电气设备主接线设计图 ................................................... 57 附录D 机修车间降压变电所主接线电路图 ................................................................. 58