5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__________.
6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, __________. 7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________. 8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that__________. A have ratified it B approving it
C implement its provisions D restrict smoking in public places E caused by tobacco use F including higher tobacco taxes
答案与题解：
1. B文章第一段主要讲美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步，这一步指的就是美国本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)—事。 2. D文章第二段简要介绍了烟草控制框架性协议的形成过程。 3. A文章第三段列举了烟草控制框架性协议的一些具体要求。
4. E文章第四段通过列举吸烟所造成的危害旨在说明实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生的影响。
5. B通过文章的第一句可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议只是批准该协议的第一步。
6. D文章第二段说，通过烟草控制框架性协议的国家必须实施严格的烟草控制措施,而文章的第三段便列举了具体应实施的措施，其中便包括限制在公共场所吸烟。
7. E文章第四段的第一句说，实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生巨大的影响。接下来便列举了吸烟所造成的巨大危害。可见人们希望该协议的实施将大大减少吸烟所造成的危害，尤其是大量的死亡。
8. A从文章的第五段可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议的国家的数量大大超过通过该协议的国家的数量。
第八篇How We Form First lmpression
1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming \areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals \
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says \you see someone new，it says，\，threatening\features of this stranger with other \，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，
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gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person\，\your
brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: \4 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values， strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.
5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane. 词汇:
trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性 host/h?ust/ n. 一大群，许多
simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的 sensory/'sens?ri/ adj. 感官的，感觉的 categorical /k?ti'g?rikl/ adj. 绝对的 cortex /'k?:teks/ n. 脑皮层 jock /d??k/ n. 骗子 ethnicity /eθ'nis?ti/ n. 种族特点 geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人 intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣 stereotype /'steri?taip/ v. 对……产生成见 freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人 humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的 注释:
1. Your ?rain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从 even 开始到 as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是与主句中的 so 呼应的。 2. against:和……对比
3. If you see someone you know，and like school ... :如果你在学校里看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人……，like在这里是动词。
4. dead wrong: 相当于completely wrong dead wrong是口语表达用语。 练习:
1. Paragraph 2_____ 2. Paragraph 3_____ 3. Paragraph 4_____ 4. Paragraph 5_____
A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B Comment on First Impression C Illustration Of First Impression
D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks
5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.
6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____. 8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____. A a stranger's less mature type of thinking B the most complex areas of our cortex
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C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the meaning of incoming sensory information E the sights and sounds of the world
F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
答案与题解：
D本段k述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。
C本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。
B本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。
A本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征,我们对该人的 认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进人一个更深的层次。 E选E的依据在第=段的第三句。
D 选D的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)0
C 选 C 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是：When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child ) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. B选B的依据在第五段第二句。
第三篇 Shark Attack!
Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave，when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing. In his horror and confusion，he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers，the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.
Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows，they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this，however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also， when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans
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are not a high — fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,” says Aidan Martin，director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.
Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people，they are likely just trying to learn what they are. 词汇：
scan vt审视，细看,浏览 elbow n.肘，肘部
surface n, 表面，外表；vi.浮出水面，浮现 drown vi.淹死，溺死 注释：
1. ... cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth.被鲨鱼咬掉了两个指头。
2. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.比起被鲨鱼杀死,人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。 练习：
1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_________. A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers C) swam away D) attacked him
2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_________. A) often let humans escape B) kill humans
C) have so many teeth
D) grow to six meters or more
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?
A) create. B) are.
C) increase. D) depend upon.
4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_________. A) people's
B) great whites' C) sea lions' D) seals'
5. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.
B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.
C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.
D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans. 答案与题解：
1. C选项A(鲨鱼咬冲浪板)和B(鲨鱼咬他的手指)两个选项发生在Craig落水之前，故排除
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这两项。从第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：当Craig落入水中，手指上的鲜血在水中散开之时，这条五米长的鲨鱼却自己游走了。此信息排除了选项D(鲨鱼攻击他），因此答案为C (鲨鱼自己游走了）。
2. A从第二段第一行我们可以看出：鲨鱼被人类视为杀手，这是一条常识，很容易理解，因此选项B(杀人)被排除。而选项C(有很多牙）和D(长到六米长或是更长）只是对鲨鱼的简单描述，也属于常识;而且文中并未出现对它们的质疑，说明作者也默认了这两条常识。因此选项C和D也被排除。所以答案是A(常常让人类逃脱），这在文中第三段得到了验证， 第三段整段就是在说虽然鲨鱼可以轻松杀死人类，但是它们却很少杀人。第三段最后两行甚至提到就连鲨鱼研究者们都在尽力寻找人类屡屡能鲨口逃生的原因，这就更能证明选项 A是正确答案。 3. B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的词组make up的意思。 结合make up词组前出现的单词seal和sea lion以及它后面出现的词组a large part of their diet,通过常识我们可以猜出：海豹和海狮应该是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。比对四个选项，我们可以发现选项A(创造）、选项C(增加）和选项D(依靠）在意思上都说不通，代入原文无法构成有意义的一句话。因此只有选项B(是）在意思上和make up最为接近，代入原文也说得通。在本文中，词组make up的意思为：组成，构成。
4. B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的单词their的意思。结合第四段前两行的内容，我们可以很容易推测出，在这里their指代的是the great whites(大白鲨），因此答案为B。
5. C本题要求读者总结出第四段的主要内容。第四段主要介绍的是：人们起初以大白鲨视力不好为由来解释人类为何屡屡鲨口脱险，但是最近的信息表明大白鲨的视力并不差，不会把人类误认为是海豹或海獅。大白鲨不吃人是由于它们觉得人类太瘦，没有海獅和海豹的肉那么肥。对比四个选项：选项A略显片面，不是本段的主要内容，故排除。选项B中提到大白鲨也把人类当作食物来源，这点是错误的，故排除B。选项D中说的是人们开始怀疑这一论断的正确性，但是选项D的表述和文中的信息正好相反;人们现在开始怀疑的是“大白鲨 由于视力不好才去攻击人类”这一论断，而不是“大白鲨由于视力很好才去攻击人类”，故排除D。所以正确答案为C(我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动物）。
第五篇 The Travels of Ibn Battuta
“I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [ to Mecca]... to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests. ” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris—the travel journal of Ibn Battuta. Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote comers of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West2, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.
Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi.3 On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen： “we fought ... killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers ….I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me .... We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak, har ... and suspended them from the wall. ” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune
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