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SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL>r
1* alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down
C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF 5、启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes
Variable Size 85487616 bytes
Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF' 6、先打开数据库
SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline drop; Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; Database altered. 7、恢复该表空间
恢复脚本可以是恢复单个数据文件 run{
allocate channel c1 type disk; restore datafile 3; recover datafile 3;
sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; release channel c1; }
也可以是,恢复表空间 run{
allocate channel c1 type disk; restore tablespace users; recover tablespace users;
sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; release channel c1;
www.imissha.com 谜尚bb霜 }
过程如下： C:>rman
Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> restore datafile 3; 4> recover datafile 3;
5> sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; 6> release channel c1; 7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=13 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore RMAN-08502: set_count=5 set_stamp=494177612 creation_time=16-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF
RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1 RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:BACKUPTSUSER_05EN93AC_5_1 tag=TSUSER params=NULL
RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2) RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3) RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3) RMAN-08054: starting media recovery
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 332 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00332.ARC
www.imissha.com 谜尚bb霜 RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 333 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00333.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 334 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00334.ARC
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4) RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00332.ARC thread=1 sequence=332
RMAN-08055: media recovery complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 RMAN>
8、检查数据是否完整
SQL> alter database open; Database altered.
SQL> select * from test; A
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说明：
1、RMAN也可以实现单个表空间或数据文件的恢复，恢复过程可以在mount下或open方式下，如果在open方式下恢复，可以减少down机时间
2、如果损坏的是一个数据文件，建议offline并在open方式下恢复
3、这里可以看到，RMAN进行数据文件与表空间恢复的时候，代码都比较简单，而且能保证备份与恢复的可靠性，所以建议采用RMAN的备份与恢复
4.3丢失多个数据文件，实现整个数据库的恢复 4.3.1 OS备份方案
OS备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录
SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int); Table created
www.imissha.com 谜尚bb霜 SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
2、备份数据库，备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件
SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql 3、继续在测试表中插入记录
SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete
SQL> select * from test; A
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SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
4、关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down
C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF 模拟媒体毁坏（这里删除多个数据文件） 5、启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes
Variable Size 85487616 bytes
Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF' 详细信息可以查看报警文件
ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
www.imissha.com 谜尚bb霜 ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003
Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 通过查询v$recover_file可以看到
SQL> select * from v$recover_file; FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 有四个数据文件需要恢复
6、拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover) restore过程:
C:>copy D:DATABAKSYSTEM01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTINDX01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTTOOLS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTRBS01.DBF.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST Recover过程:
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00311.ARC