内蒙古科技大学
本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
题 目：焦炉立火道温度控制系统
仿真研究
学生姓名：成功 学 号：0705112206 专 业：测控技术与仪器 班 级：测控07-2班 指导教师：闫俊红
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
摘 要
焦炉的加热过程是单个燃烧室间歇，全炉连续，受多种因素干扰的热工过程。其控制系统是典型的大惯性、非线性、时变的复杂系统，因此如何优化焦炉加热过程控制、降低炼焦能耗、确保焦炭均匀稳定成熟、延长焦炉使用寿命，仍然是炼焦业界重大难题。
本文提出了多模态模糊控制系统的策略，在一定范围内运用传统PID控制，当超出这个范围时切换到模糊控制，从而解决了传统PID控制存在的响应慢、超调量大，而模糊控制存在静差、在工作点附近容易产生小范围的极限振荡的问题，满足了焦炉立火道温度控制要求。
本文的控制系统满足了实际应用的需要，对提高焦炉生产率和焦炭质量 ,降低能耗及延长焦炉寿命 ,减少炼焦生产中的环境污染以及改善劳动条件具有重要的意义。
关键词：焦炉立火道；PID控制；模糊控制
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
Abstract
Coke's heating is an thermal process, it is a single chamber batch, continous in the whole coke and influenced by many factors, the control system is complex because of its large inertia, nonlinear and time-varying. So how to optimize the coke’s heating process, reduce the consumption, ensure the coke uniform and stable and extend the coke’s service life is still a major problem in coking industry.
This paper comes up with a multi-modal strategy and fuzzy control system to solve the problem,using traditional PID control within a certain range, when outside the range, using the fuzzy control instead, this method can solve the solve the slow response, large overshoot in traditional PID control and deviation prone to bring small oscillations near the working point in fuzzy control. Then meet control requirements’need of coke’s flue temperature.
The control system meets the needs of practical application, It’s of great significance in improving productivity and coke’s quality, reducing energy consumption and extending the coke’s service life, also in reducing pollution and improving working conditions.
Key words: Coke flue; PID control；Fuzzy control
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
目 录
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1课题研究背景 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2焦炉立火道温度控制系统发展状况 .......................................................................... 2 1.3焦炉立火道温度控制理论 .......................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 PID控制 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2模糊控制 ........................................................................................................... 3 1.4焦炉立火道焦热技术展望 .......................................................................................... 3 1.5本文的作用 .................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 焦炉工艺及焦炉立火道温度的不确定性分析 .......................................................... 5
2.1焦炉结构 ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2焦炉加热燃烧工艺 ...................................................................................................... 6 2.3焦炉加热过程中的不确定性分析 .............................................................................. 6 2.4焦炉立火道的加热特点及其控制难度 ...................................................................... 8 2.5小结 .............................................................................................................................. 9 第三章 焦炉立火道加热控制系统 ........................................................................................ 10
3.1单回路控制系统 ........................................................................................................ 10
3.1.1焦炉立火道单回路控制系统 ......................................................................... 10 3.1.2 PID控制器 ...................................................................................................... 11 3.2串级比值控制系统 .................................................................................................... 11 3.3单交叉限幅燃烧控制系统 ........................................................................................ 12
3.3.1单交叉限幅燃烧控制系统工作原理 ............................................................. 12 3.3.2单交叉限幅燃烧控制系统及其特点 ............................................................. 14 3.4双交叉限幅燃烧控制系统 ........................................................................................ 15
3.4.1双交叉限幅燃烧控制系统工作原理 ............................................................. 15 3.4.2双交叉限幅燃烧控制系统的特点 ................................................................. 16 3.5小结 ............................................................................................................................ 18
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
第四章 焦炉立火道温度控制仿真 ........................................................................................ 19
4.1仿真软件简介 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2仿真对象模型建立 .................................................................................................... 20 4.3焦炉立火道温度控制系统仿真波形参数 ................................................................ 21 4.4焦炉立火道温度控制系统仿真研究 ........................................................................ 22
4.4.1常规PID控制系统仿真分析 ......................................................................... 22 4.4.2串级比值控制系统仿真分析 ......................................................................... 25 4.4.3单交叉限幅控制系统仿真分析 ..................................................................... 28 4.4.4系统仿真分析比较 ......................................................................................... 30 4.4.5双交叉限幅控制系统仿真分析 ..................................................................... 31 4.5小结 ............................................................................................................................ 33 第五章 模糊控制系统原理及模糊控制系统仿真分析 ........................................................ 35
5.1常规模糊控制器的基本结构 .................................................................................... 35 5.2量化因子对模糊控制器的影响 ................................................................................ 35 5.3模糊控制器仿真 ........................................................................................................ 36 5.4焦炉立火道温度模糊控制仿真结果分析 ................................................................ 38
5.4.1模糊控制系统仿真分析 ................................................................................. 38 5.4.2多模态模糊控制系统仿真分析 ..................................................................... 39 5.5小结 ............................................................................................................................ 41 总 结 ........................................................................................................................................ 42 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 43 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 45
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