You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满) She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
[时态详解]现在进行时最详细解析
主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作,或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况: 1)“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如: They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。 She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。 Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。 2)“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着。例如: He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。 How are you getting along with your new job?你那份新工作干得怎么样? 3)表示说话人的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如: He is always thinking of others , not of himself . (表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。 She is often doing well at school. (表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。 Are you feeling better today? (表示亲切)你今天觉得好一些吗? One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不满)我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜欢)有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。 4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐,尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿,戴 ) 等。例如: I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。 An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。 We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。 Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗?
[特殊用法]现在进行时表示将来
? ?
现在进行时表将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作: I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。
They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来,区别是:用现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图;而一般现在时表示将来,则其客观性较强,即通常被视为客观事实,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况: I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。 What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?
过去进行时
? 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作
eg At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. ? 2.用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况
eg One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke … ? 3.表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作 eg We left there when it's getting dark.
[基本结构]过去进行时的基本结构
[时态详解]过去进行时最详细解析
? 主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过
去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中: ? 表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如: At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。 When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。 What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么? ? 2)用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况。 过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”,所以,在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”,从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如: One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……
? 3)(仅限少数动词)表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如: When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划。 She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。 We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿。
[特殊用法]过去进行时表示现在
? 用过去进行时表示现在,主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如: I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。
How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生,您打算花多少钱? ? 注:一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
过去完成时
? 1、发生在“过去的过去”
eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining. ? 2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用
eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. ? 3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间
eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
[基本结构]过去完成时的基本结构
? 由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。 例句: She said she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
[时态详解]过去完成时最详细解析
? 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即\过去的过去( past-in-the-past )\。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前 那时 现在
? 构成:过去完成时由\助动词 had + 过去分词\构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning. ? 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。 如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。
如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由\过去的过去\来判定。 过去完成时表示\过去的过去\,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在: ( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示\原本…,未能…\ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
? 三、过去完成时的主要用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在\过去的过去\。如: When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在\过去的过去\) 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是\过去的过去\,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如: He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。 如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能) ?
? 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为\助动词 have (has) + 过去分词\;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调\过去的过去\,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较: I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 - I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 - Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么,我只等了几分钟。(\等\的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在) - John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 - Where had he been? 他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即\过去的过去\)
? 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点: 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调\过去的过去\;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较: They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如: She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如: He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. ?[特殊用法]过去完成时表示未曾实现的想法 过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算,通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等: I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来,但有事就没有来。 I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言,但时间不允许。 We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的,但你没有来。