英文写作第一反应词替换表
1 through－>in term of/via
? she got her first job through an employment agency.
? A success that was achieved through co-operative effort and wise leadership. ? .it is a mistake to think of Florida only in term of its tourist attractions. ? Femininity is still defined in term of its beauty.
? We flew to Athens via Paris./ I sent a message to Kitty via her sister.
2 operate－>manipulate
? The Lewis family operate a number of boats on the cannal. 3 offspring－>descendant
? A young mother trying to control her offspring. ? He was a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte. 3 inevitable－dispensable
? It is inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake. ? Part-time workers are considered dispensable. 4 detail－>specific
? She told me every detail of her trip.
? A specific example of alcohol’s effect on the body. 5 explain－>interpret
? Let me explain what I mean.
? He attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams. 6 obvious－>conspicuous
? There is an obvious connection between the two murders. ? A conspicuous white spot on the bird’s wings. ? Self-evident(formal)
The facts in this case are self-evident and can not be denied. 7 hurt－>vulnerable
? Put thing down—you might hurt someone with it.
? Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. 8 use－>employ/utilize
? We use a range of different methods.
? The company has developed a new way to utilize solar energy. 9 value－>merit
? The film has the merit of being short./ the great merit of the project is its flexibility nad
low cost. ? The lunch special is really good value. 10 provide－>lend－>offer
? The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests./ the project is designed to
provide young people with work. ? They offered him a very good job. 11 true－>accurate
? The film was based on a true story.
? His assessment of the current economic situation is accurate. ? Verifiable(formal)
The data was verifiable.
12 leading to－>contribute to/ /result in
? Alcohol contributes to 1000000 deaths a year in the US.
13 more and more－>increasing/growing
? More and more people are moving to the cities. ? Increasing people are moving to the cities. 14 hardly－>merely－>barely
? He is merely a boy , you can not expect him to understand. ? She was very old and barely able to walk.
15 well-known－>outstanding
16 large－>miraculous/marvelous
? Their success was due in large part to their ability to speak Spanish. ?
17 although－>albeit/notwithstanding
? He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation. ? He tried , albeit without success.
? Notwithstanding differences, there are clear similarities in all of the world’s religions. 18 in fact－>actually/virtually
? Actually , on second thoughts, I don’t think I want to go out tonight. ? Virtually all the children come to school by bus. 19 want－>intend to/tend to/be inclined to ? People tend to need less sleep as they get older. ? I am inclined to agree with you. ? I intend to spend the night there. 20 because－>in that
? This research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol ? The delay was due to a problem with the ship’s engines. ? The parade had be cancelled owing to bad weather. 21 may be－>probably ? He is probably gone home. ? It’s likely that we will lose.
22 in sum－>to summarize/in conclusion
? In sum, soul music is important to the record industry
? To summarize, in most case the schools were achieving the standards set. ? In conclusion, I would like to say how I have enjoyed myself today. 23 explain－>interpret/illustrate
? Let me give you an example to illustrate the point. 24 change－>
? Being at college has changed her.
? You can alter the colour and size of a image using a remote control. ? He has modified his opinions since then.
25 custom－>convention/tradition
? The guide offers information on local custom.
? Playing together teaches children social convention such as sharing. 26 think－>contemplate/muse/meditate/ ? Did you ever contemplate resigning? ? Muse(think about something for a long time)
He mused on how different his life would have been, had he not met Louisa. ? she said quietly, meditating on the day’s events.
27 arouse－>ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate
? his behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors. ? Her interest in art was stimulated by her father. ? We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife. 28 limit－>stress/hinder/hamper
29 key－>crucial/vital/consequential
? This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies. ? The work she dose is absolutely vital. ? A consequential decision.
30 old－>ancient ? Aged
Aged parents./ she had to look after her aged aunt.
? Ancient(things existed thousands of years ago, or things that look very old)
Ancient civilisations.
31 emphasis－>accentuate
? The photograph seemed to accentuate his large nose. 32 devote to－>dedicate to
? She devoted her-self full time to her business.
? The actress now dedicated herself to children’s charity work. 32 character－>trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality
? We like our staff to show their individuality rather than wear a uniform. ? On of the many idiosyncrasies of English spelling. 33 expect－>anticipate
? I expect to be back within a week./ I did not expect him to stay so long./ I expected it
will be my mother./ as expected, the whole family was shocked by the news. 34 join－>participate
? He always participate in classroom activities.
35 delegate－>representative ? A union representative.
36 bias－>prejudice/discriminate/tendency ? Prejudice against women.
37 thrive－>palmy/floushing/prosperity
38 clash－>conflict/collision/reencounter
? The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck. 39 publicize－>propagandize