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human population:延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。句中的 prolonging human life是动名词短语。由动名词短语作句子的主语时，句中动词必须用单数形式。如 : Collecting stamps is his hobby. 2. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago:如果今天活着的很多人生于一百年以前，他们会死于各种儿童疾病。 3. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time:因为有更多的人寿命更长，所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。 4. the dependency load: 抚养人口数量。 5. In times of famine: 在饥荒年代 6. go on welfare : 靠福利救济 go on 有许多意思，其中的一个意思是\依靠……过活\。例: Many people go on welfare when jobs become scarce. (工作难找时，许多人靠政府救济金过日子。) 7. grave problems: 严重的问题 8. convalescent hospitals: 康复医院;疗养院 9. profit-making organizations: 赢利机构 10. dumping grounds: 垃圾场 练习: 1. The writer believes that the population explosion results from A an increase in birthrates. B the industrial development. C a decrease in death rates. D cultural advances. 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures A it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive. B infants could be left dead in times of starvation. C parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children. D death was considered to be freedom from hardships. 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? A Many of them have a very hard life. B They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. C They rely mainly on their children for financial support. 6 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词 过考试》、《有问必
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D Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after. 4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase \A the need to prolong the lives of old people. B the need to enrich the life of the retired people. C the need to build profit-making nursing homes. D the need to take care of a sick and weak person. 5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? A Sympathetic. B Unfriendly. C Optimistic. D Critical. 答案与题解 : 1. C 第一段最后一句说： In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. 事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导数了人口爆炸。因此，选项 C是正确答案。 2. B 第二段第四句说： In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. 在灾年，可能会容忍婴儿死亡，因为，如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。因此，选项 B是正确的答案。 3. A 第二段倒数第二句是这么说的：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. （在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。）可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而选项A是正确的答案。 4. D 第三段第三句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. （当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。）\need\出现在下面这个短语中：\（为了满足这种需要），它指句子前面的care for a sick or weak person。这正是选项D表达的意思。 7 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词 过考试》、《有问必
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5. D文章昀后一句说 : … most of them are simply \grounds\overworked, and under-skilled personnel.大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死的人的\垃饭场\，所谓的\照顾\都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的。作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项 D是正确答案。 *第二十四篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. \8 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词 过考试》、《有问必
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to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age.\\it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14\levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 词汇： perchance [p?'t?ɑ:ns] adv. 偶然；可能 online ['?nlain] n. 在线的 stow [st?u] vt. 贮藏，堆装 emanate ['em?neit] vi. 发源 somatosensory [,s?um?t?'sens?ri] adj. 体觉的 neocortex [,ni:?u'k?:teks] n. 新（大脑）皮质 oscillation [,?si'lei??n] n. 振荡 intertwine [,int?'twain] v. 缠绕 spindle ['spindl] n. 纺锤体 ripple ['ripl] n. 波动，脉动 diabetes [,dai?'bi:ti:z] n. 糖尿病 recollection [,rek?'lek??n] n. 回忆 shrinkage ['?ri?kid?] n. 收缩 impairment [im'p??m?nt] n. 损伤 intrigue [in'tri:ɡ] n. 引起。。。兴趣（或好奇心） cognition [k?ɡ'ni??n] n. 认识 注释： 1. file memories：归档并储存记忆。 file：意为 \(papers,etc. ) in useful order for storage or reference\（把…归档）。 2. To sleep. Perchance to file? ：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句\改编而来。 3. the Proceedings: (科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。 4. zzz：（拟声词）打鼾声 5. Rutgers University：美国新泽西州立大学 (the State University of New Jersey)。 6. emanating from：发源于。 7. neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的部分，也叫做 neopallium。neo-：前縀，意思是\新的\。 8. thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称\海马状突起\，在泛记过程中起主要作用。 9. tens of milliseconds：几十毫秒 10. age-associated memory decline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退 11. administer：实施 9 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词 过考试》、《有问必
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12. this impairment：指上句中 hippocampus shrinkage. 13. memory deficits：记忆衰退 14. … the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition：令人兴奋的可能性，即不断改善葡萄糖容许量可以完全改变对某些与年龄相关的认知问题。 15. keep glucose levels in check：限制葡萄糖水平。 in check：在控制中，被阻止。 练习： 1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence \memories in useful order during sleep? B Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? C Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? D Does brain work on files in sleep? 2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? A The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. B Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus. C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. D Somatosensory neocortex plays it primary role in memory consolidation. 3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? A People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. B People with good memory have low glucose tolerance. C Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance. D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? A There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage. B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory. C The more hippocampus shrinks, the better one's memory. D The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory. 5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? A To prevent hippocampus shrinkage. B To control weight. C To exercise. 10 最新、最全、最权威的职称英语考试免费辅导资料：《每日一练》、《考试周刊》、《猜单词 过考试》、《有问必
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