Wuhan University 博 士 英 语 教 学 大 纲
that arise. Following those of our generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.
2. The closeness of scientific problems to political problems is such that scientific workers are not, far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We don't ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.
3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.
4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a decisive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling.
5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its method. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problems are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, science's saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality.
Part III Writing 25%
Attention: Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good
reasoning (e.g. in a linear way) in more than 300 words.
How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate ---- On My Class Experience
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Wuhan University 博 士 英 语 教 学 大 纲
院系： 学号： 姓名： 任课教师： 座位号： ------------------------------------------------- 密 ---------------------------------- 封 ----------------------------- 线 -----------------------------------------------
Achievement Test
For PhD. Candidate Answer Sheet
Score:________
Part I. Documental Analysis 20%
Topic: ______________________________ ______________________________ Perspective(s): _______________________ __________________________ (Aspect(s)): _________________________ ___________________________ Method(s): ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Skill(s): ____________________________ _______________________________ Questions: ___________________________ ____________________________
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Wuhan University 博 士 英 语 教 学 大 纲
院系： 学号： 姓名： 任课教师： 座位号： ------------------------------------------------- 密 ---------------------------------- 封 ----------------------------- 线 ----------------------------------------------- Achievement Test
for PhD. Candidates Answer Sheet
Score:________
Part I. Documental Analysis 20%
Topic: _______________________________
Material Development Skill(s): _________________________________ Methods: Order:______________________________ ______________________________ Perspective(s):_____________________ __________________________ Aspect(s):__________________________ __________________________ Question(s): ________________________
________________________
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Wuhan University 博 士 英 语 教 学 大 纲
院系： 学号： 姓名： 任课教师： 座位号： ------------------------------------------------- 密 ---------------------------------- 封 ----------------------------- 线 ----------------------------------------------- Achievement Test
for PhD. Candidates Answer Sheet
Score:________
Documental Analysis 20%
Part I.
Topic: ______________________________ M Skill(s): __________________________ A ____________________________________ TMethod:
______________________________
E I
Order: ______________________________
______________________________
Perspective(s): _____________________
R
A _____________________
L Aspect(s):___________________________
___________________________ S
Question(s):___________________________
___________________________
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Wuhan University 博 士 英 语 教 学 大 纲
Part II. Article Analysis 15%
C H A R T-F I L L I N G PARA. PERSPECTIVE (point of view) KEY WORD(S) (document) STRUCTURE (function) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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