?
Chapter 6
Samson Agonistes (力士生孙） The Metaphysical Poets and the Restoration Drama
? Metaphysical Poets (John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert)
―Death Be not Proud‖
― The Flea‖
― A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning‖ (理解诗歌：240）
John Donne
Death be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,
For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow, Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me； From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow, And soonest our best men with thee do go, Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery.
Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men, And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell, And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,
And better than thy stroak； why swell'st thou then？ One short sleep past, we wake eternally,
And death shall be no more； Death, thou shalt die.
Chapter 7
Dryden and Bunyan
John Bunyan
The Pilgrim’s Progress ?
Part IV
The Eighteenth Century
(1688-1780)
Chapter 8
The Age of Classicism
Historical Situation
science and technology:
?
Steam engine—Industrial Revolution; political economics;
Enlightenment Movement;
religion: Deism, more individual,
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The Age of Classicism (or Neoclassicism)
Literary Achievements (In the first half of the 18th century):
- Alexander Pope ( heroic couplet) - Swift ( master of satire)
they admire and follow the styles of ancient poets in Roman Empire of
Augustus in a metaphorical manner.; they worshipped reasons, so also called the Age of Reason
II. Chief Representatives
Alexander Pope An Essay on Criticism ?
The Rape of the Lock
Jonathan Swift ―A Modest Proposal‖
?
Gulliver’s Travels Lilliput;
Brobdingnag;
Laputa(flying island)
Houyhnhnms (horsese), yahoo.
Joseph Addison ? Richard Steele
The Spectator ?
?
The Dictionary Samuel Johnson (a journalist, a biographer, a literary critic)
Chapter 9
The Rise of the Novel
Background About the Rise of the Novel science and technology developed;
?
printing;
reading makes the flourish of a book market; women’s reading even writing
II. Major Novelists
1. Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe ?
( a sailor, 28 years in an isolated island) Moll Flanders Roxana
2. Samuel Richardson
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (letter novel)
?
Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady
3. Henry Fielding Joseph Andrews ?
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling ?
Tristram Shandy 4. Laurence Sterne
A Sentimental Journey Chaoter 10
?
The Pre-Romantic Literature
Background
growth of cities, the bourgeois class, the book market From reason to passion;
literature in the second half century shifted from paying attention to human fates and social problems to searching the meaning of life and death, from exploring human nature, philosophy of human congnition to experiencing and praising nature.
Pre-Romantic Poetry
Graveyard Poets
Thomas Parnell, Edward Young, Robert Blair
?
Thomas Gray (Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard) wrote melancholy poems, often with the poet meditating on human mortality problems at night or in a graveyard.
Robert Burns, the Sctottish Bard ? William Blake
Songs of Innocence ?
Songs of Experience
The Gothic Novelists
The Castle of Otranto –Horace Walpole
?
The Monk –Matthew Gregory Lewis
The Mysteries of Udolpho —Ann Radcliffe
Part V
The Romantic Period (1780-1830)
Chapter 11
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Historical background
Industrial Revolution, working class,
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the Luddites’ movement – frame-breakers, breaking looms and machines, ignorant of the
real cause for their sufferings;
relationship with Ireland, Scotland and her colonies in North American became critical.
American Revolution and the French Revolution; democracy, equality and freedom, social reform
Literary Achievements 1) Poetry
Wordsworh, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats
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Lake Poets: Wordswoth, Coleridge, Southey
2) Novel
Walter Scott, Jane Austen
Romanticism or Romantic Movement is a literary movement in Britain and the European Continent between 1770 and 1848.
its keynote is ―intensity(strong emotion)‖, its watchword is ―imagination‖
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The English Romantic Movement was marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
? Features of English Romanticism: simplicity (content and language);
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love of nature( respect nature’s force, feelings with nature); subjectivity (individual emotion recollected in tranquility); spontaneity (―the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings‖)
subject: supernatural, mysterious, stange and splendid, remote time and place; tone:melancholy
II. The Romantic Sage
William Wordsworh
? ?
Lyrical Ballads, a joint work of Wordsworth and Coleridge
Poems in search for self-definition in relation with nature
Tintern Abby‖
―I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud‖; ―My Heart Leaps up When I Behold‖; ―Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Poems of Solitary ―The Solitary Reaper‖
?
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by Wordsworth