交际用语复习指导(一)

2019-03-04 10:18

Ⅰ.交际用语

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Ⅰ.交际用语 ??日常交际用语是《大学英语》B统考试题中的第一部分,目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题,包括5个小题,每题3分,共15分。 一、解题技巧 我们总结出下面的答题规律: 1. 交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题,它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时,不是寻找错误,而是判断语言的使用是否规范。 2. 熟悉各种情景的对话用语,这样可以在短时间内,判断对话发生的地点和场景。 3. 要熟悉西方人日常的交际习惯,礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应该是西方文化中的习惯,而不是我们东方文化中,特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。 下面就向大家介绍交际用语中的几个原则: A. 礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感,发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌,即使表达不同看法或批评意见,也要委婉间接表达,使对方听起来不刺耳,例如: — Do you think I can use your car for one day? — . A. I’m afraid not. B. No, you can’t. C. I won’t let you do that. D. Absolutely not. 解析:此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”,对方如果不能答应,应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选A。 礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上:一种是委婉地回绝,上面例子“I’m afraid not”就是这种情况;另一种是先表同意,然后用“but”来个转折,表达出不同意的意思。例如: I would like to,but… That’s a good idea,but… B. 利他原则 在日常交际中,英语国家人民形成了一种习俗,即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便,对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴,坏事要表示难过/惋惜,因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向,例如: — I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? — . A. No, you don’t know B. I don’t know. C. Yes, you will. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there. 解析:此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路,按照利他原则,应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D,首先表示歉意,自己也不知道,同时给出一些有帮助的建议。 C. 文化遵从原则 在选择交际用语时,大家要有跨文化视角,也就是说,要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式,要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如: —Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? — . A. Thank you very much B. No, no, John is not bad C. Thank you. He is fine D. Don’t say that. It’s ugly. John is good 解析:按照英美国家的文化,当受到他人的赞扬时,应该真诚地表示感谢,这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等,反而就不礼貌了, 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样,所以选C。 二、模拟试题讲解

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》B统考试题中的第一部分,目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题,包括5个小题,每题3分,共15分。

一、解题技巧

我们总结出下面的答题规律:

1. 交际用语的答案不是明显的对错问题,它是是否符合口语习惯的问题。答题时,不是寻找错误,而是判断语言的使用是否规范。

2. 熟悉各种情景的对话用语,这样可以在短时间内,判断对话发生的地点和场景。

3. 要熟悉西方人日常的交际习惯,礼貌规则。这里所说的人们交往的交际习惯应该是西方文化中的习惯,而不是我们东方文化中,特别是我们自己生活中习惯了的交往方式。

下面就向大家介绍交际用语中的几个原则:

A. 礼貌原则

无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感,发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌,即使表达不同看法或批评意见,也要委婉间接表达,使对方听起来不刺耳,例如: — Do you think I can use your car for one day? — .

A. I’m afraid not. B. No, you can’t. C. I won’t let you do that. D. Absolutely not. 解析:此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”,对方如果不能答应,应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此

选A。

礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上:一种是委婉地回绝,上面例子“I’m afraid not”就是这种情况;另一种是先表同意,然后用“but”来个转折,表达出不同意的意思。例如: I would like to,but… That’s a good idea,but… B. 利他原则

在日常交际中,英语国家人民形成了一种习俗,即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便,对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴,坏事要表示难过/惋惜,因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向,例如: — I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam? — .

A. No, you don’t know

B. I don’t know. C. Yes, you will. D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.

解析:此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路,按照利他原则,应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D,首先表示歉意,自己也不知道,同时给出一些有帮助的建议。 C. 文化遵从原则

在选择交际用语时,大家要有跨文化视角,也就是说,要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式,要使用

得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如: —Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John? — . A. Thank you very much

B. No, no, John is not bad

C. Thank you. He is fine D. Don’t say that. It’s ugly. John is good

解析:按照英美国家的文化,当受到他人的赞扬时,应该真诚地表示感谢,这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等,反而就不礼貌了, 这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样,所以选C。

二、模拟试题讲解

交际用语在统考试题中,考察题型主要可分为以下三类:询问类试题,约占该部分考题36.7%; 看法类试题,约占该部分考题26.7%;功能类用语试题,约占该部分考题36.6%。在下面的讲解中,我们按照

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这种分类,先总结每类交际用语的常用句型,然后列举典型示例(部分示例选自《大学英语》(B)六套模拟题中的相关交际用语试题)。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率,从高到低排序进行讲解。

(一) 询问类

1、 请求允许及其应答

A: 提出请求 May /Can /could I use (borrow/take/ask/see) …?(我可以用/借/问/看??吗?)

I wonder /I am wondering if…? (不知道我能否???) Would you please…? (能请你??吗?)

Do you think …?

(你是否认为???)

B: 回答请求

① 同意 Sure, go ahead./Certainly./Of course. / By all means./ Yes, do please. / Here you are. / Help yourself. / No problem. (可以/当然/拿去/请便。)

② 拒绝 I’m afraid… (我恐怕??)

I’m sorry, but…

(对不起,但是??)

I’m sorry you can’t. /You’d better not.

(很抱歉,不行。/你最好别这样。)

考点一:借东西及其应答

典型例句:

A: 问 May /Can /could I use (borrow) …?

B: 答 (肯定)Sure, go ahead. / Here you are./ Help yourself. / No problem. / By all means. (否定)I’m sorry, but… 【典型示例】

1) —Could I borrow your car for a few days? (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 3)

— .

A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on.

C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey. D. It doesn’t matter. 2) —I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?

— I’m not using it right now. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 1)

A. Sure, go ahead.

B. I don’t know.

C. It doesn’t matter. D. Who cares 【实战练习】

1. — Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?或Could I use your dictionary for a moment? —_________.

A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, go on C. Yes, help yourself D. It doesn't matter 2. — Could I borrow your English Dictionary? — _________ A. Thank you very much. B. No, I am not available. C. I'm sorry. It's not at hand now. D. It's very kind of you. 3. —May I borrow those magazines?

—_________. You may keep them for two weeks.

A. Of course not. B. By all means. C. I'm afraid not. D. It's up to you. 4.— Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours? — _________ A. I'm afraid you can. B. I'm sorry, but I really need it this afternoon. C. Yes, I don't think so. D. I'll think about it later. 5. — I wonder if I could use your telephone. — _________

A I wonder how. B I don't know. C Well, of course. D No wonder, here it is.

6. — Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you? — _________ — I want to buy a notebook.

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A. How do you want it? B. How much? C. What for? D. When can you pay me back?

答案:CCBBCC

考点二:请求帮助及其应答

典型例句:

A: 问Can you help me with…?/ Would you do me a favor/give me a helping hand?

① 同意 Sure./ Certainly./ Of course. / By all means./ No problem. (可以/当然。) B: 答 ② 回绝 I’m afraid… (我恐怕??)

I’m sorry, but…

(对不起,但是??)

【典型示例】

1) — This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 5) — __________.

A. You may ask for help. B I’ll give you a hand.

C. Please do me a favor. D. I’d come to help. 2) — Could you help me with my physics, please? (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 1) — __________.

A. No, no way B. No, I couldn’t

C. No, I can’t D. Sorry I can’t. I have to go to a meeting right now. 【实战练习】

1. — I've just locked my keys in my room. What should I do now? — _________ A. Sorry, I have no idea. B. Let's calm down and try to open it.

C. It's not my business. D. Who is to blame? You are always careless. 2. — I am planning to study abroad, and I want your advice. — _________

A. You do not have to. B. You ask me? C. What can I do for you? D. It is unnecessary. 3. — I can't catch up with the rest of the class. The subjects are difficult. — _________ A. Oh, just give up. B. Don't worry. I'll help you. C. How stupid you are! D. It's a problem. 4. — Can you help me? — _________

A. No, I don't know. B. Sure. What is it? C. Don't mention it. D. That's it. 5. — Could you take a photo of me with the lake as the background? — _________ A. No, ask someone else. B. No way. C. By all means. D. Why should I? 6. — Can you help me clear up the mess? — _________

A. Yes, it doesn't matter. B. No, you don't need to worry. C. Yes, help yourself. D. No problem. 7. — Could you give me a helping hand? — _________ — I want to clean my garage. A. How's that. B. Sure. What can I do for you? C. Not at all. D Which one? 8. — Would you do me a favor? — _________ A. I would. B. I'm not sure. C. With pleasure. D. What is the favor? 9. — Sorry to trouble you. — _________

A. It's a pleasure. B. I don't think so. C. No, I don't mind at all. D. Excuse me. 答案:BCBBC DBCA

考点三:重点句型Do / Would you mind…

A: 问 Do / Would you mind if I / my doing… (你是否介意???)

① 同意 No,I don’t mind./ Of course not. / Not at all. (不介意. /一点也不介意) B: 答 Please do./ Go ahead, please./ OK.

(行,做吧。) ② 不同意 Yes, I do.

(我介意)

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