3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她. .难点——because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 3) as和for的区别：
通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold.
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五、目的状语从句
要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so…that , in order that 引导。 1.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的) 我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。 2.in order that=so that:为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. 不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的) 3.despite= in spite of
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六、结果状语从句
要点：结果状语从句由连词( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。 1.so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited. 科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
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He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。 2. such…that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。 3.比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。） so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school 难点
+形容词或副词
+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that +much或 little+不可数名词
so that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句， 当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. 1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any. 笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk. 天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him. 麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他 (=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 5。The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk. 天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
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编辑本段 七、让步状语从句 要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导. 难点：
lthough, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的. Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy. Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children. Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩. although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though. 1。He is looking fit, though. 但是,他看上去很健康. 考点
2。Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling. 尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。 3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though. 尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。 典型例题
1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。 2) as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意：
a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 3) ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whether…or- 不管……都
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Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) \疑问词\或\疑问词+后缀ever\ No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 （错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
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八、比较状语从句
要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级
1. as…as 和。。。一样 Jack is as tall as Bob. 捷克和汤姆一样高。 2. not so(as)…as …和不一样 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。 比较级
more…than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one. 这本书比那本书由教育意义。 最高级
1.The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。 2. the + 形容词+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
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这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。 知识扩展
no more than只不过(嫌少的意思) 1。I have no more than two pens. 我只有两支笔。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops. 去商店不过一英里。
not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者) 1。Jack is not more diligent than John. 捷克不如约翰勤奋。
2。one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级) Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。
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九、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是\正如…\，\就像\，多用于正式文体，例如： 1。Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 2。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作\仿佛……似的\，\好像……似的\，例如： 1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： 1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
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他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
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