2016届毕业生 毕业设计说明书
院系名称： 电气工程学院 专业班级： 自动F1205
题 目: 电动自行车无刷直流电机控制器设计
学生姓名： 余现飞 学 号： 201223910823 指导教师： 王秀霞 教师职称： 讲师
2016 年 5 月 21 日
摘 要
的环境保护意识和资源节约意识不断提高，开发应用一种清洁、节能的新型交通工具已成为社会迫切的需要。电动自行车的出现有效的解决了这一难题，极大满足了人们的需要，已经成为人们日常短距离出行常用的交通工具。
本文围绕无刷直流电机控制技术方面的问题，主要了解对转子位置检测、PWM脉宽调制和电机控制策略等重要方面的问题，设计一个以PIC16F72单片机为控制核心的的无刷直流控制器，能够实现对电机基本的控制功能。设计采用PIC16F72单片机作为控制系统的控制单元，采用IR2130驱动芯片为晶体管桥式电路提供驱动信号，实现对电机运行状态的有效控制。该系统通过利用反电动势过零点法获取的转子位置信号输入到控制芯片，然后对输入的信号进行数据处理而后输入到驱动芯片来改变驱动电路中MOSFET管的导通顺序，进而实现对无刷直流电机的转速和正反转的控制。通过欠压和过电流保护电路的设计实现对控制芯片和驱动芯片的保护，使系统能够可靠稳定的运行。
关键词：无刷直流电机；控制系统；IR2130；PIC16F72
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近年来社会经济快速发展的同时我们生活的环境也在遭受严重破坏。随着民众
Title Design of Brushless DC Motor Controller for Electric Bicycle
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of social economy at the same time
our living environment has also suffered serious damage. With the people's awareness of environmental protection and resource conservation, the development and application of a new type of clean and energy saving vehicle has become an urgent need of the society. The emergence of electric bicycles effectively solve this problem, greatly meet the needs of people, has become a common means of transportation for people's daily short distance travel.
This paper focuses on the technical aspects of the brushless DC motor
control, mainly to understand the important aspects of the rotor position detection, pulse width modulation (PWM) and motor control strategy, design a PIC16F72 MCU as the control core of the brushless DC controller to realization of electric machine the basic control function. PIC16F72 microcontroller is used as the control unit of the control system, and the IR2130 driver chip is used to provide the driving signal for the transistor bridge circuit to realize the effective control of the motor running state. The system by using the back EMF zero method to obtain the rotor position signal input to the control chip, and the input signal of data processing which is then input to the driver chip to change the driving circuit of MOSFET conduction sequence and then realize to turn Hayawa Masa inversion of control of Brushless DC motor. Through the design of under voltage and over current protection circuit, the protection of the control chip and the drive chip can be realized, so that the system can run reliably and stably.
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Keywords:Bushless DC motor；Control system； IR2130； PIC16F72
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目 次
1绪论 .............................................................. 1 1.1无刷直流电机的发展概况和趋势 .................................... 1 1.2课题研究的目的和意义 ............................................ 1 1.3设计的要求与内容 ................................................ 1 2硬件器件的选择 .................................................... 3 2.1整体硬件结构图 .................................................. 3 2.2 电机本机的选择.................................................. 4 2.3主控芯片的选择 .................................................. 4 2.4驱动芯片的选择 .................................................. 5 2.5转子位置检测方法的选择 .......................................... 6 3硬件电路设计 ...................................................... 7 3.1电源电路模块 .................................................... 7 3.2驱动电路模块 .................................................... 7 3.3电流检测模块 .................................................... 8 3.4转子位置检测电路模块 ............................................ 9 3.5欠压检测电路模块 ............................................... 10 3.6速度控制电路模块 ............................................... 10 3.7刹车电路模块 ................................................... 11 3.8单片机最小系统 ................................................. 12 4 软件设计 ........................................................ 13 4.1主程序 ......................................................... 13 4.2定子绕组换相子程序 ............................................. 14 结 论 ............................................................ 15 致 谢 ............................................................ 16 参 考 文 献 ....................................................... 17 附录 .............................................................. 18
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