安徽工程大学机电学院毕业设计（论文）
基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计
摘 要
本论文主要完成对光伏电源LED照明控制系统进行优化设计和研究，以使系统达到稳定、操作方便、节能环保的要求。太阳能路灯智能控制器以AT89C52单片机为核心，主要由六个部分组成：太阳能电池板、蓄电池、负载（LED路灯）、控制器、测量电路、充电电路、放电/负载驱动电路。本课题的主要研究内容有：针对现有独立运行的太阳能路灯控制器的特点，实现多点控制蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）控制和脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动太阳能LED路灯控制器的硬件设计和软件程序设计。
首先对太阳能路灯基本模块组成、基本功能及发展现状进行了阐述，并根据蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）的数学模型和剩余荷电容量（SOC）与蓄电池的使用寿命的关系提出了单片机系统改进的控制方案，并根据实际需要提出用脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动和调节白光LED，可使白光LED工作于发射最纯净白光。半导体PN结技术的太阳能光伏发电技术与发光二极管(LED)照明技术，都有着环保、节能、长寿命和安全的特点。对这两项技术的高效结合进行优化研究，符合我国目前节能，环保及可持续性发展的目标。
总之，随着城市规模的不断扩大，现有的路灯技术不能达到环保节能的要求，本文采用多点控制蓄电池剩余荷电容量（SOC）控制和脉宽调制信号（PWM）来驱动太阳能LED路灯控制器的硬件设计和源程序设计，能有效解决LED太阳能路灯的不足。因此，本课题设计对我国LED路灯节能环保的发展有很大的现实意义。
关键词：光伏发电；剩余荷电容量；脉宽调制信号；控制系统
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汪婷婷：基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计
The Design of solar street lamps controller which based on single chip
microcomputer Abstract
This thesis mainly completed on photovoltaic power LED lighting control system optimization design and research in order to make the system achieve stability, convenient operation, energy conservation and environmental protection requirement.The intelligent controller of solar street lamp with AT89C52 single-chip computer as the core is mainly composed of six parts: solar panel, battery and load (LED lamp), controller, measurement circuit and charging circuit, drive circuit discharge/load. This topic's mainly research of the content includes: according to the existing independent movement of the solar energy street light controller's characteristic. It realized the multi-spot control accumulator cell surplus electrically which control the charged capacity (SOC) and actuates the solar energy LED street light controller which by the pulse-duration modulation signal (PWM)?s hardware design and the firmware program design.
First,this artical in detail find the basic modules for solar street light, the basic function and development. To improve control programs, it based on the remaining battery capacity of charge (SOC) of the mathematical model and the remaining capacity of charge (SOC) and battery life of the relationship between the proposed SCM system and proposed to the actual needs of PWM signal (PWM) to drive and adjust the white LED.Then the white LED can work on the launch of the purest white.What?s more, PN junction semiconductor technology, solar photovoltaic technology and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology, all have environmental protection, energy saving, long life and safety features. Combining these two techniques to optimize the research, in line with our current energy, environmental protection and sustainable development are the development goals.
In one words, along with the expansion of urban scale's unceasing , the existing street light technology cannot achieve the environmental protection energy conservation the request. This article uses the multi-spot control accumulator cell surplus electrically charged capacity (SOC) to control and the pulse-duration modulation signal (PWM) actuates the solar energy LED street light controller's hardware design and the firmware program design. It may can the effectively survive LED solar energy street light's insufficiency. Therefore, this topic design has the very big practical significance to our country which based on LED street light energy conservation environmental protection's development.
Keywords：solar photovoltaic technology; SOC; PWM ; control system
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安徽工程大学机电学院毕业设计（论文）
目 录
引 言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 第1章 概述 ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 研究背景、目的与意义 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 设计要求 ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1太阳能路灯系统组成、工作原理与发展现状 ........................................................... 3 1.2.2设计思路 ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3课题意义 .............................................................................................................................. 4 第2章 系统设计简介 ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 单片机简介及选择 ........................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 AT89C52单片机 ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2路灯系统简介 ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.3太阳能LED路灯控制器功能模块概述 ............................................................................ 9 2.4 电源、晶振、复位硬件电路 ............................................................................................. 9 2.4.1电源模块设计 ............................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 晶振电路 .................................................................................................................... 10 2.4.3 复位电路 .................................................................................................................. 11 第3章 I/O控制部分硬件设计 ........................................................................................... 12 3.1电压采样模块设计 ............................................................................................................ 12 3.1.1太阳能路灯系统设计的关键技术 ............................................................................. 12 3.2温度采样模块 .................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 DS1307芯片作用及其与系统连接图 .............................................................................. 16 3.4充电控制模块 .................................................................................................................... 17 3.4.1 蓄电池的充电控制电路 ............................................................................................ 17 3.4.2 温度补偿 .................................................................................................................... 17 3.4.3充电电路的设计与实现 ............................................................................................. 17 3.5放电控制模块的设计 ........................................................................................................ 18 3.6 照明电路 ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.7单片机实现脉宽调制信号（PWM）输出的软硬件设计 ............................................... 20 第4章 系统软件设计 ............................................................................................................ 25 4.1 太阳能LED路灯控制电路程序的设计 ......................................................................... 25 4.2 子程序流程图 ................................................................................................................... 26 结论与展望 .............................................................................................................................. 34 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 36 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 37 附录A：系统原理图 .............................................................................................................. 39 附录B: 外文文献及译文 ..................................................................................................... 40 附录C：主要参考文献及摘要 .............................................................................................. 45 附录D：源程序 ...................................................................................................................... 46
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汪婷婷：基于单片机的太阳能路灯控制器设计
插图清单
图1-1 太阳能控制系统.........................................................................................................3 图2-1 太阳能LED路灯系统总框图....................................................................................8 图2-2 路灯控制器的结构框图..............................................................................................9 图2-3 电源模块总电路.......................................................................................................10 图2-4 时钟电路...................................................................................................................10 图 2-5 复位电路.................................................................................................................11 图3-1 太阳能电池与铅酸蓄电池电压采样模块电路设计..............................................14 图3-3 多路DS18B20与TA89C52引脚连接图.................................................................15 图3-4 DS18B20工作流程图..............................................................................................15 图3-5 DS1307与单片机的连接.........................................................................................16 图3-6 充电控制电路.............................................................................................................18 图3-7 放电控制原理图.........................................................................................................19 图3-8 LED路灯驱动与亮度调节电路示意图.................................................................20 图3-9 PWM调变电路..........................................................................................................21 图3-10 PWM调变示意图....................................................................................................21 图3-11 8253的内部接口和引脚..........................................................................................22 图3-12 PWM信号产生电路计数芯片8253部分原理图.................................................23 图4-1 外部计数子流程图...................................................................................................25 图4-2 DS18B20的测温程序流程图...................................................................................27 图4-3 运行太阳能LED路灯控制器固件程序流程........................................................... 33
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安徽工程大学机电学院毕业设计（论文）
表格清单
表2-1 基本型和增强型的MCS-51系列单片机片内的基本硬件资源.................................5 表3-1 12V蓄电池放电过程容量－电压对应值.................................................................14
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